We welcome applications from the United States of America
We've put together information and resources to guide your application journey as a student from the United States of America.
Overview
The study of computers and computational systems is a dynamic discipline with a diverse range of career paths. This programme provides you with a unique blend of academic content and exciting industrial experience, working with leading organisations in contemporary technology-based environments.
Our Computer Science programme provides you with the knowledge and skills required to become a computing professional. Delivering a broad yet rigorous grounding in computer science, this programme uses both theoretical and practical learning approaches, and provides you with the opportunity to gain high-level professional experience, working with one of our exciting partners in industry. You will gain cutting-edge knowledge and skills through state-of-the-art equipment and expert teaching offered at the School of Computing and Communications.
In your first year, you will receive a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles of the discipline, combined with their modern day application. Throughout your study, you will gain skills and experience from a range of modules, including Software Development, Information Systems, and Digital Systems. Taking a practical approach to education, you are encouraged to build and analyse systems and software, as well as work with end user feedback to refine and adapt solutions.
After gaining an overview of the subject in the first year, you will be motivated by topics that become progressively deeper and more specialised as your skills develop throughout second and third year. In addition to progressing your foundational understanding, programming, and software design skills, you will explore social, ethical and professional issues related to the discipline and will complete a group project. This will prepare you for and give you experience of computing in the real-world.
Your third year will also give you the opportunity to explore a range of well-constructed and enriching optional modules, as well as undertaking an individual project. In this project you will work closely with one of our academics, allowing you to use and further develop the skills acquired throughout your degree.
Your fourth year will present you with a range of advanced modules as well as practical and professional experience. Blending contemporary technical training with advanced professional development, you will complete a variety of integrated industry activities during a dedicated ten-week industry placement. This is complemented with a further seven-week fourth-year project. Together, this will allow you to apply the skills you have learnt while gaining valuable real-world experience.
Assessment
We offer an excellent range of learning environments, which include traditional lectures, laboratories and workshops. We are also committed to providing timely feedback for all submitted work and projects.
Assessment varies across modules, allowing students to demonstrate their capabilities in a range of ways, including laboratory reports, essays, exercises, literature reviews, short tests, poster sessions, oral presentations, and formal examination.
Discover why our students are passionate about studying Computer Science at Lancaster.
Somewhere to get involved
Lancaster's computer students are spoilt for choice when it comes to the extra-curricular societies and groups that our School has to offer them.
LUHack
Founded in 2014, the Lancaster University Ethical Hacking Group (LUHack) is a group of individuals who meet weekly to learn and practise ethical hacking in a safe (and legal!) environment. Anyone can learn the basics of hacking in the first semester before moving onto advanced topics and regularly attending conferences and competing in Capture the Flag competitions.
Computer Science Society
The Computer Science Society works closely with the School to provide exciting opportunities for you to engage with alongside your degree. We facilitate talks from industry, guest lectures, career development opportunities and more! Join us and get involved in a range of projects, from the small and simple to the long-term and ambitious. You can even get funding for your own idea if you have one! All students benefit from our peer-led support sessions for your academic studies, ranging from workshops to lectures.
Women++@InfoLab
Women++@InfoLab supports marginalised groups of staff and students within the School Of Computing and Communications. There are opportunities to meet up, as well as networking lunches, talks from industry representatives and academics, and workshops. This year we hosted the annual British Computing Society Lovelace Colloquium, and many of our undergraduates had the opportunity to present posters.
Careers
In today’s world, computer science underpins every sector and industry, and pervades every aspect of modern life. The opportunities open to graduates of computer science degrees are, therefore, almost endless - from working for major technology companies (such as Google and Microsoft) to pursuing a future in software development and design or even beginning your own tech start-up. The problem-solving skills you’ll gain, alongside your technical expertise in a range of coding languages will make you highly desirable to employers, or otherwise provide you with the foundations to pursue MSc or PhD qualifications in computing. Our computer science and software engineering graduates also have excellent earning potential, with the median starting salary of graduates from our courses being £30,361 (HESA Graduate Outcomes Survey 2023).
Here are just some of the roles that our BSc and MSci Computer Science students have progressed into upon graduating:
Graduate Software Developer – The Hut Group (THG)
Senior Software Engineer – Raytheon
Cyber Security Specialist – Darktrace
Graduate Software Engineer – BBC
Data Scientist – Yordas Group
IT Operations Analyst – CMS Distribution
Software Engineer - Dolby Digital
Graduate Trainee – Sellafield Ltd
Cyber Security Assurance Manager – BAE Systems
Frontend Engineer – Seaquake
Software Developer – Sky
NHS Digital Graduate – NHS
Lancaster University is dedicated to ensuring you not only gain a highly reputable degree, you also graduate with the relevant life and work based skills. We are unique in that every student is eligible to participate in The Lancaster Award which offers you the opportunity to complete key activities such as work experience, employability/career development, campus community and social development. Visit our Employability section for full details.
Supporting your future
At Lancaster, we're passionate about ensuring our graduates are prepared for the world beyond university - here are a few ways that we aim to support your future ambitions.
Entry requirements
These are the typical grades that you will need to study this course. You may need to have qualifications in relevant subjects. In some cases we may also ask you to attend an interview or submit a portfolio. You must also meet our English language requirements.
AAA. Though not an essential subject entry requirement, applicants with A level Computing, Computer Science or Mathematics will be considered for a lower offer.
45 Level 3 credits at Distinction
We accept the Advanced Skills Baccalaureate Wales in place of one A level, or equivalent qualification, as long as any subject requirements are met.
DDD
A level at grade B plus BTEC(s) at DD, or A levels at grade AB plus BTEC at D. Though not an essential subject entry requirement, applicants with A level Computing, Computer Science or Mathematics will be considered for a lower offer.
36 points overall with 16 points from the best 3 HL subjects. Though not an essential subject entry requirement, applicants with HL Mathematics or Computer Science will be considered for a lower offer.
We are happy to admit applicants on the basis of five Highers, but where we require a specific subject at A level, we will typically require an Advanced Higher in that subject. If you do not meet the grade requirement through Highers alone, we will consider a combination of Highers and Advanced Highers in separate subjects. Please contact the Admissions team for more information.
Distinction overall
Contact Admissions
If you are thinking of applying to Lancaster and you would like to ask us a question, please complete our enquiry form and one of our team will get back to you.
International foundation programmes
Delivered in partnership with INTO Lancaster University, our one-year tailored foundation pathways are designed to improve your subject knowledge and English language skills to the level required by a range of Lancaster University degrees. Visit the INTO Lancaster University website for more details and a list of eligible degrees you can progress onto.
Contextual admissions
Contextual admissions could help you gain a place at university if you have faced additional challenges during your education which might have impacted your results. Visit our contextual admissions page to find out about how this works and whether you could be eligible.
Course structure
Lancaster University offers a range of programmes, some of which follow a structured study programme, and some which offer the chance for you to devise a more flexible programme to complement your main specialism.
Information contained on the website with respect to modules is correct at the time of publication, and the University will make every reasonable effort to offer modules as advertised. In some cases changes may be necessary and may result in some combinations being unavailable, for example as a result of student feedback, timetabling, Professional Statutory and Regulatory Bodies' (PSRB) requirements, staff changes and new research. Not all optional modules are available every year.
The creation of the microprocessor revolutionised global innovation and creativity. Without such hardware we would have no laptops, no smartphones, no tablets. Life changing technologies from MRI scanners to the Internet would simply not exist.
This module provides an introduction to the field of Digital Systems – the engineering principles upon which all contemporary computer systems are based. Students will study the elements that work together to form the architecture of digital computers, including computer processors, memory, data storage, and input/output. They will unearth the ways in which these are enabled by digital logic – where George Boole’s theory of a binary based algebra meets electronics. Building on SCC.111, students also discover how the software programs we write translate to, and interact with, such hardware. Finally, students will explore the effects of multi-process operating systems, and how these interplay with the capabilities and architecture of modern computers to optimise performance and robustness.
Computing and data drive many critical elements of modern society, directly or indirectly. It’s vital that there is a strong theoretical foundation to computer science. This module begins by examining the hard questions central to computer science and reasoning itself to prepare students for the in-depth critical thinking and discussion required at university level. Students will cover the fundamentals in logic, sets, and mathematics of vectors, matrices, and linear algebra which have practical applications in software such as computer graphics. Algorithms, abstract data types, and analysis of algorithms is introduced to allow our students to make reasoned decisions about the design of their programs. Finally, they will get the chance to investigate and apply the principles of Data Science to select, process, and analyse data, and examine the way programs and systems can be designed to efficiently support work with data and question the limits of conclusions that can be drawn from such systems.
This module is designed to provide students with a strong foundation in principles of responsible computing, covering the legal, social, ethical and professional challenges that a practising computer scientist regularly faces. It is heavily research-led, delivered by staff actively researching these issues, and draws upon contemporary examples of where technology has resulted in both benefits and harm to people and society. Students will develop an understanding of the legal frameworks, professional codes, working practices and civil licenses designed to provide protection from these harms. Particular emphasis is placed on considerations relating to the need for computer systems to be trusted and trustworthy.
As a part of this module, students will study the use of participatory research methods in exposing real-world requirements for computing systems and ensuring equitable distribution of benefits and harms of digital innovation across the population, in alignment with a changing legal landscape. Inclusive design practices through the development phases from research to implementation are reviewed, examining the prevalence and impact of the gender data gap, accessibility constraints and exploring the benefits of diversity in the workplace through real-world examples. They will also discover ethical ways to practice personal and professional development for career progression.
Software now forms a central aspect of our lives. From the applications we run on our phones to the satellites in space, all modern technology is enabled by software. This module provides an introduction to the field of Software Development - the processes and skills associated with designing and constructing computer programs. Students are not expected to have any previous experience with the field of computing, and will study the contemporary knowledge, skills and techniques needed to develop high-quality computer software. This includes a thorough treatment of the principles of computer programming and how these principles can be applied using a range of contemporary and established languages such as Python, JavaScript and C. They will discover how programming languages can be classified and how to choose the best language for the task at hand.
Students will also investigate and apply the practical Software Engineering skills needed to ensure software is correct, robust and maintainable. These include techniques for problem analysis, design formulation, programming conventions, software commenting and documentation, testing and test case design, debugging techniques and version control.
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The group project will give students experience in executing a project through all stages, working to the demands of a client, and practically combine and apply concepts and skills gained in other modules studied so far in their programme. Students will learn to apply their knowledge about prototyping, project planning, management, design, and user evaluation or testing strategies. Teams will deliver reports, code, and demonstrate a working system. They will also communicate their work through reports, demonstrations, and presentations.
The project content may differ from year to year, and groups may be able to select projects aligned with the School’s main themes of Software, Systems, Data and Theory, Interactions and Implications, and Cyber Security, although each theme may not be available every year. Example topic areas could be desktop application development, game programming, computer graphics, user interfaces, mobile computing, or other areas. The exact requirements of a group project will vary according to the focus of its theme; however the course structure of a group project will be the same between themes and different years. Students will receive about 30 hours of workshop contact time throughout the module, in addition to lectures, and then will be expected to work independently as a group.
To support this practical activity, two strands of lectures are delivered. One covers programming and continues the development of the students practical programming skills to allow them to confidently contribute to larger, team-based programming projects. The second covers teamwork, project management, risks, and costings so that the student has a sound base for managing collaborative projects.
The module aims to provide students with information on Authentication, Authorisation, and Accountability (AAA) and its building blocks. An emphasis will be given on authorisation, where access control models, policies and mechanisms will be examined.
Students will review main categories of existing cryptosystems (e.g. symmetric, asymmetric) in order to understand their use and offered security properties (e.g. confidentiality, integrity, non-repudiation) in practice. They will explore operating systems security and network security concepts in connection to AAA and cryptosystems, as well as being introduced to formal verification and how it can be used to verify properties on cyber security systems.
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This module provides broader exposure to alternative programming language paradigms beyond imperative and object-oriented programming. Particular emphasis is given to functional programming languages, and their unique constraints and features. More specifically, students will investigate how introducing the concept of absolute immutability into programming languages enables a suite of expressive mechanisms within programming languages including pure functions, lambdas, higher order functions, pattern matching, currying, map/reduce, and pattern matching.
As a part of this module, students will also explore why functional languages bring about increased reliability and scalability, and how they are now experiencing a resurgence within the software industry. Finally, through hands-on laboratory sessions, students see how functional programming concepts are being integrated in mainstream programming languages such as Java, Python and JavaScript, to create versatile multi-paradigm programming environments
In this module, students will build upon the foundations of algorithms and their complexity to develop a deeper understanding of algorithmic approaches to computational problem solving. They will explore computational complexity theory, which allows us to consider the very nature of computability – including non-deterministic polynomial (NP) complexity classes such as NP-hard, NP-complete and the classes of problems which cannot be solved. Students will be introduced to classical approaches to problem solving such as divide and conquer, recursion, and parallel approaches, emphasizing their relative benefits and weakness to different classes of problem. They will study advanced data structures in depth, such as tries, heaps, suffix arrays, k-d trees, and distributed hash tables, and explore the approaches for their efficient construction and use.
These theoretical aspects are grounded through practical work in the lab and placed in the context of case studies of extreme scale and embarrassingly parallel computing, derived from real-world problem domains introduced by invited speakers where possible. Finally, students explore key implications of algorithm performance including their impact on energy efficiency and sustainability to provide a coherent interface with other modules.
This module explores some of the practical and applied aspects of cyber security: Penetration Testing and Forensics. Students will learn common approaches and tools that attackers use to undermine the security of digital systems and gain first-hand experience of the weaknesses that can be present in real-world systems through guided work in highly controlled, small-group practical labs. They will explore ways in which these attacks can be identified, how the digital traces of an attack be captured, appropriately evidenced and then interpreted at a later date. The module will wrap the technical and theoretical aspects within the legal, regulatory and ethical frameworks for the appropriate application of ethical penetration testing.
This module introduces the key ideas and fundamental principles of artificial intelligence (AI) and the types of problems that can be addressed by AI. Students will be introduced to the core concepts and philosophy of AI, including its history and definitions, classify the various approaches to AI, and discuss its presence in the modern world alongside its ethical considerations. They will unearth the underlying principles of search spaces, knowledge representation, and inference logic that form the core of rule-based systems.
Students will then go on to learn the principles of machine learning, emphasising clustering (e.g. k-means), classification (e.g. k-nearest neighbour) algorithms, linear regression, and neural networks. This deep dive provides the essential grounding necessary to progress to modules in topics such as Machine Learning, Computer Vision, and Natural Language Processing.
Computer architecture has now reached a critical juncture where we are witnessing a step change in computer performance – not due to the increased performance of individual processors, but through the inclusion of many, sometimes even thousands, of processor cores in a single computer.
In this module, students will learn how to classify the different designs of multi-processor computers such as symmetric CPUs and general-purpose GPUs. They will investigate their benefits and drawbacks and study the theories and factors that can all too easily bound their seemingly limitless computational potential. Through a combination of lab exercises and lectures, students will discover how to use contemporary software tools and techniques to create high performance applications that exploit multi-threaded instruction parallelism whilst avoiding race conditions, deadlock and livelock, and utilise GPUs to exploit data parallelism.
Extended reality (XR) refers to the interactive technologies that blend the virtual and physical worlds together into a hybrid environment or an immersive experience. The technology is based on multi-modal platforms that integrate use of ubiquitous, pervasive, wearable, and omnipresent computing.
This module situates XR's different offerings within Milgram’s continuum and identifies the needs and means of augmenting the human sensory channels. The computing perspective takes an applied approach to design, implementation, deployment, and evaluation of systems that are used to create an XR environment and deliver an immersive experience. Students will learn about the latest trends in research, emerging technologies, and novel tools, with an analytical focus on the technology and the socio-ethical implications of widespread prevalence of the technology.
The internet and the world wide web have now pervaded every aspect of our lives, from e-commerce and entertainment to logistics and social media. Increasingly, application software is no longer written for specific devices, but for internet web browsers. The internet has replaced operating systems as the de facto platform for application development, making an already global phenomenon truly ubiquitous.
This module studies the various approaches to internet applications development, investigating both the client side and server-side approaches, discussing the trade-off of performance, scalability, privacy, and trust associated with these approaches. Students will review the role of “cloud infrastructures” (federated distributed computation) in the provision and management of internet applications. Through interactive lectures and small group practical sessions, students study common frameworks for client-side application development and create and deploy an internet application from first principles.
This module provides a deep dive into the theory and practical application of advanced operating systems (OS) and associated hardware concepts. Through a combination of lab exercises and lectures, students will investigate the ways that modern operating systems are optimized to extract the maximum performance and efficiency from 21st century computer hardware.
Students will also study how the fundamental concept of virtualisation enables safe, efficient, and fair sharing of memory and processor resources across multiple applications and services. They will investigate the structure, operation, and scalability of OS subsystems, such as memory allocators and file systems, as well as discuss the performance implications of operating systems and discover how performance can be maintained even in the presence of relatively low performance input/output. Finally, students will explore how symmetric multi-processors can be used transparently to optimize the performance of a computer, the implications this has for system software, and how and why the effective application of caching policies and temporal/spatial locality greatly affect the performance of a system.
Computing plays a pivotal role in addressing growing energy costs, greenhouse emissions, and the climate crisis. Whilst we can use computing and its associated digital technologies to shape a greener society (as well as create more energy-efficient software and hardware), there exist important trade-offs with respect to economic cost, engineering effort, and environmental impact.
In this module, students will explore key concepts associated with creating sustainable computing, spanning from how a processor uses electricity to how computers shape a greener economy and society. They will study the methods to create more energy-efficient code, energy-aware device mechanisms, as well as the benefits and drawbacks of computing and digital technology with respect to its impacts upon the environment and economy.
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The Third Year Project is a substantial individual project, normally involving the principled design, implementation, and evaluation of a substantial piece of software, experimental study, or theoretical work. Each student choses their topic from a wide selection posted by potential supervisors. The project topic is normally selected prior to the start of the third year. The requirements of the degree scheme, the student's interests and the supervisor’s area of expertise are taken into account during project allocation.
Students normally receives at least bi-weekly guidance (of around 30 minutes) one-to-one from their project supervisor. Regular supervision ensures a required level of academic achievement and rigour is maintained throughout the project.
A Third Year Project can also be carried out in collaboration with an external partner, such as a company. Projects with external involvement require an additional external supervisor and a coordinator from the InfoLab21 Knowledge Business Centre. However, the supervision responsibility lies with the internal academic supervisor; the role of the external supervisor is to provide the required information on the business context of the external partner organisation.
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Distributed Systems form the foundation upon which modern community platforms such as Distributed Cloud Infrastructures, and service-oriented architectures are based (also known as “as a service” operations). Students will investigate advanced cryptography techniques used to build such systems, and security infrastructures built into the distributed systems themselves.
Students will also study the alternative design approaches to the construction of secure distributed systems and their subsequent security evaluation. More specifically, they will investigate the common vulnerabilities and attack surfaces associated with distributed systems, and the widely adopted design patterns used to mitigate them.
Computer networks have experienced an exponential growth in traffic volume and size since the early days of the Internet. Packet network technologies underpin every aspect of our daily work, social life, and entertainment – even enabling the global populous to continue working during a global pandemic.
This module investigates the evolution of network technologies to cope with the global Internet growth trends and is organized in three topic areas. Core topics explore the architecture of devices and protocols that facilitate end-to-end connectivity across the global Internet and allow control of connectivity properties, like bandwidth and latency. Research and Industry topics explore cutting-edge research and industry perspectives on the challenges that face production network technologies, such as performance and security, and elaborate on future directions in networking to address them. Finally, practical topics will introduce students to network emulation and simulation technologies and offer the opportunity to recreate realistic network testbeds. Through small group practical sessions, students will gain experience using open-source software frameworks to implement, configure and test common network functionalities, such as routing and firewalling.
Computer graphics is an interdisciplinary field which deals with visual and image aspects of computing. It underpins the development of video games, use of computer-generated imagery in movies and has helped advance machine learning, cryptography, and parallel computing.
In this module, students explore the fundamental concepts related to visual content generation through relevant theory, such as the essential mathematics, graphics data structures and algorithms, kinematics, collisions, colour, and light. In particular, students will investigate the practical aspects of graphical scenes and rendering including virtual cameras, materials, mesh manipulation, scene-graphs, animation and modelling. They will learn about hardware-specific concepts designed to improve the quality and performance of graphics applications, such as GPU programming, mobile and cloud render-pipelines, shaders, stereoscopic and volumetric rendering. Emerging technologies and trends in research are also introduced with an analytical lens to identify future challenges, opportunities, and solutions.
In this module, students will explore how to teach Computer Science (CS) as a discipline and organise the engagement activities that are contributing to addressing the digital skills gap, and inspiring new computer scientists. Through practical sessions, they will build a foundational understanding of computing pedagogy, learning to recognise how pupils study computer science and arrange teaching to respond to their needs.
This module will explore the instruments and methods for conducting effective teaching practices in a variety of settings - exploring UK and global contexts, and the differences within primary, secondary, and higher education. It aims to highlight the importance of equality, diversity, and inclusion (EDI), ethics, safeguarding and integrity considerations in CS education. Among the teaching practices, students will also learn how to plan and conduct teaching or outreach activities in schools – providing the opportunity for them to practice educational skills by contributing to activities in regional schools and supporting the development of digital capabilities of young people in Lancashire.
Computer vision is a branch of artificial intelligence, in which we aim to develop computer-based systems that can interpret and draw meaningful deductions from digital images.
This module covers the fundamentals to understanding image formation and information relating to the human visual system and some fundamental image interpretation methodologies, including convolution, edge detection and feature extraction and comparison. Students will tackle key problems in current research, including semantic segmentation, object detection, and three-dimensional image interpretation. They will cover a range of approaches, from low-level image processing to convolutional neural networks. At the end of the module, students will be equipped to construct software components that implement contemporary image processing and computer vision algorithms and recognise issues within computer vision in order to develop and evaluate solutions.
This module aims to equip students with the necessary knowledge to efficiently gather and process the increasingly large amount of security data generated by applications and users of computer systems. Students will review the different data types, data storage and access techniques, and problems with handling massive amounts of data that is typically associated with the monitoring and auditing of cyber security systems. They will learn how to use and develop tools to address the complexities of real-time analytics that are necessary to inform critical decisions in systems administration.
Students will also learn and practice exploratory data analysis, data collection and data mining techniques to capture data with security significance and discover how to produce graphical representations of security data. This module also covers the fundamental and advanced techniques of security data visualization to enable the extraction and effective communication of insights and incidents, and enables students to develop interactive dashboards to enhance monitoring and observability capabilities.
This module will explore machine learning, which sits within the field of artificial intelligence and enables a computer to learn how to perform a task from data rather than traditional programming.
Students will study the key ideas and techniques of machine learning, which will help students to develop practical skills in problem solving and to understand the implications and potential of machine learning in business and society. They will begin by looking at real-world machine learning problems, challenges, and fundamental techniques in current machine learning methodology. Building on this, the module will cover a variety of approaches to machine learning, from decision trees to a wide range of deep neural networks, including multilayer perceptrons, convolutional neural networks, long short-term memory, autoencoder and generative adversarial networks.
Digital Health concerns the utilisation of digital technologies for health and care. It has a key and ever-growing role to play in improving health systems and public health, as well as increasing and improving the equity of access to health services. It has the potential to transform health and care delivery and support individuals to improve their health.
In this module, students will discover the practical applications, implications, and enabling technologies of digital health. They will survey the sensor technologies that permit remote and automated patient monitoring, study the technologies and processes that enable patient-driven healthcare. This module also investigates the structure of health data in electronic health records, and methods for the evaluation of digital health solutions. Alongside these applied topics, students will also learn about data governance and the ethical issues surrounding digital health technologies, policy, and regulation.
This module exposes students to the challenges associated with developing firmware for embedded systems, which are increasingly common in everyday appliances with the rise of Cyber Physical Systems, such as smart cities and the internet of things.
Students will take a deep dive into embedded systems hardware and low-level programming. They will study the architecture of microcontrollers – the highly specialized, resource constrained computer processors that power embedded systems. Building on this, they will then learn about the state-of-the-art software development processes that allow us to write highly efficient code for these devices. They will discover the industry standard protocols and techniques for integrating peripherals with microcontrollers, and low power wireless network communication technologies that enable their interconnection. The module is anchored by giving students real experience with a variety of embedded systems in small group practical sessions.
All programming languages are based on theoretical principles of formal language theory. In this module, students take a deep dive into formal languages representation and grammars, and how relate to programming language compilers and interpreters.
Students will study formal language syntax and semantics, phrase structure grammars and the Chomsky Hierarchy. They will learn how to classify languages and explore the concepts of ambiguity in Context Free grammars and its implications. In particular, they will learn about the compilation process including lexical analysis and syntactic analysis, recursive descent parsers, and semantic analysis. Finally, students get to investigate the synthesis phase, where intermediate representations, target languages, and structures lead to code generation. In the School, we blend lectures with small group lab sessions where students gain hands-on experience of applying such theory.
This module provides a broad introduction to Natural Language Processing (NLP), a branch of Artificial Intelligence where we develop computational methods to analyse and understand human languages.
Students will be exposed to the core concepts of the NLP pipeline covering methods and techniques for data collection, cleaning, tokenisation, and annotation using a hierarchy of linguistic levels (e.g. morphology, syntax, and semantics). They will experiment with and comparatively evaluate different methods and techniques, including rule based, probabilistic, machine learning and deep learning approaches. Students will also learn to apply and adapt NLP pipelines and tools to real world text mining scenarios and problems, including examples such as health and finance. Key issues such as ethical data collection, bias in language models, and employing sustainable computing methods are also emphasised throughout the learning and teaching in this module.
The rapid increase in consumption and innovation within Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) has significant repercussions for cyber security. This encompasses both how AI and ML can be leveraged to augment and improve established cyber security techniques (from firewalls, risk analysis, and attack detection), as well as the emerging threat of attacks against AI itself (data poisoning, extraction, membership inference).
In this module, students will learn key concepts of secure AI, how it is being used to revolutionise the established cyber security field, as well as the emergent threats of attacks against ML models and data. By the end of the module, students will be able to compare and contrast the roles that Artificial intelligence and Machine Learning can play within the field of cyber security, analyse contemporary security threats against Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning technologies, as well as evaluate the effectiveness of cyber security AI technologies.
This module discusses the security threats to Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) - such as Industrial Control Systems, IoT, Smart Cities, and Connected Vehicles, and techniques to mitigate these threats. Students will learn how to identify appropriate security techniques and protocols to use depending on the specifics of a CPS. This involves understanding how to write secure applications for CPSs and alternative technologies, such as Transport Layer Security (TLS).
Students will also explore how the limitations of these systems impact the security guarantees that can be provided. In addition to security, this module will examine the safety and privacy threats CPSs will be subject to and explore the interconnectivity between them and security. By the end of the module, students will be able to design experiments to test the effectiveness of a CPS’s security, as well as translate their experiences of securing one CPS to another within a different domain.
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The Fourth Year Project will focus on a significant specification, design, implementation and/or evaluation project at the suitable level for an MSci qualification. The project sees students tackle a real-world problem by applying their knowledge in computer science. The project is usually achieved in conjunction with an industry placement; however, it can be completed at the University. Suggestions made by industry will be vetted by a team of academics to ensure appropriate depth, and if no suitable project with industry can be found, one will be provided by academic staff.
Weekly guidance is given from a member of academic staff from the department to ensure the necessary level of academic content and rigour is being maintained. There are also Business Development mentors in the Knowledge Business Centre (KBC) to provide students with an insight into the day-to-day expectations and responsibilities of working with industry. The Fourth Year Project is designed to challenge students and develop their existing knowledge, understanding and skills from their undergraduate degree to produce a significant piece of academically rigorous project work.
Students complete a 10 week industrial placement in the Lent term of their 4th year. The University has a range of businesses from SMEs to large corporates for students to be placed in. There are no taught elements in this module, but students have access to an academic supervisor to guide and assist them during the placement. Placements are assigned to students in the Michaelmas term.
Students will gain first-hand experience of working in a contemporary ICT related environment, developing an appreciation and understanding of professional practices and codes of conduct in industrial, commercial and professional settings. Companies will set tasks that are related to students’ knowledge and experience gained throughout their degree, allowing them to apply it in a professional setting. Placements are offered by a variety of companies with different topics. Through an initial matching and application process, we ensure the biggest possible overlap between student interest and company requirements.
Computer scientists frequently face problems for which there are no ready answers and that therefore require research. This module introduces students to research methodology, the ‘classic’ empirical methods of survey, case study, ethnography and experiment, and design and innovation as the context in which computer scientists apply research methods.
On a fundamental level, students will explore how empirical research involves questions of sampling, data collection, study design and data analysis, and how each of these involves trade-offs that can limit the validity of results gained and conclusions drawn. On a practical level, students will engage in a collaborative innovation project through which they practice application of methods in design and evaluation of novel interactive solutions.
Optional
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Distributed Systems form the foundation upon which modern community platforms such as Distributed Cloud Infrastructures, and service-oriented architectures are based (also known as “as a service” operations). Students will investigate advanced cryptography techniques used to build such systems, and security infrastructures built into the distributed systems themselves.
Students will also study the alternative design approaches to the construction of secure distributed systems and their subsequent security evaluation. More specifically, they will investigate the common vulnerabilities and attack surfaces associated with distributed systems, and the widely adopted design patterns used to mitigate them.
Computer graphics is an interdisciplinary field which deals with visual and image aspects of computing. It underpins the development of video games, use of computer-generated imagery in movies and has helped advance machine learning, cryptography, and parallel computing.
In this module, students explore the fundamental concepts related to visual content generation through relevant theory, such as essential mathematics, graphics data structures and algorithms, kinematics, collisions, colour, and light. In particular, students will investigate the practical aspects of graphical scenes and rendering including virtual cameras, materials, mesh manipulation, scene-graphs, animation and modelling. They will learn about hardware-specific concepts designed to improve the quality and performance of graphics applications, such as GPU programming, mobile and cloud render-pipelines, shaders, stereoscopic and volumetric rendering. Emerging technologies and trends in research are also introduced with an analytical lens to identify future challenges, opportunities, and solutions.
This module will explore machine learning, which sits within the field of artificial intelligence and enables a computer to learn how to perform a task from data rather than traditional programming.
Students will study the key ideas and techniques of machine learning, which will help students to develop practical skills in problem solving and to understand the implications and potential of machine learning in business and society. They will begin by looking at real-world machine learning problems, challenges, and fundamental techniques in current machine learning methodology. Building on this, the module will cover a variety of approaches to machine learning, from decision trees to a wide range of deep neural networks, including multilayer perceptrons, convolutional neural networks, long short-term memory, autoencoder and generative adversarial networks.
Digital Health concerns the utilisation of digital technologies for health and care. It has a key and ever-growing role to play in improving health systems and public health, as well as increasing and improving the equity of access to health services. It has the potential to transform health and care delivery and support individuals to improve their health.
In this module, students will discover the practical applications, implications, and enabling technologies of digital health. They will survey the sensor technologies that permit remote and automated patient monitoring, study the technologies and processes that enable patient-driven healthcare. This module also investigates the structure of health data in electronic health records, and methods for the evaluation of digital health solutions. Alongside these applied topics, students will also learn about data governance and the ethical issues surrounding digital health technologies, policy, and regulation.
Large scale distributed computing systems are now commonplace, implemented through the use of “cloud infrastructures” where computing and storage resources are pooled into data centres around the globe. In scientific terms, these are examples of the wider field of Distributed Systems.
In this module, students will learn about the fundamental principles that underpin modern distributed systems, the abstractions on which they are based, and their characteristics. Particular emphasis is placed on the scalability and fault-tolerance of these systems, and students will get to undertake a deep dive into the commonly used frameworks for distributed systems such as Google infrastructure and highly distributed peer to peer approaches. Small group practical labs reinforce theory through hands-on experience of distributed systems development.
All programming languages are based on theoretical principles of formal language theory. In this module, students take a deep dive into formal languages representation and grammars, and how relate to programming language compilers and interpreters.
Students will study formal language syntax and semantics, phrase structure grammars and the Chomsky Hierarchy. They will learn how to classify languages and explore the concepts of ambiguity in Context Free grammars and its implications. In particular, they will learn about the compilation process including lexical analysis and syntactic analysis, recursive descent parsers, and semantic analysis. Finally, students get to investigate the synthesis phase, where intermediate representations, target languages and structures and lead to code generation. In the School, we blend lectures with small group lab sessions where students gain hands-on experience of applying such theory.
This module discusses the security threats to Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) - such as Industrial Control Systems, IoT, Smart Cities, and Connected Vehicles, and techniques to mitigate these threats. Students will learn how to identify appropriate security techniques and protocols to use depending on the specifics of a CPS. This involves understanding how to write secure applications for CPSs and alternative technologies, such as Transport Layer Security (TLS).
Students will also explore how the limitations of these systems impact the security guarantees that can be provided. In addition to security, this module will examine the safety and privacy threats CPSs will be subject to and explore the interconnectivity between them and security. By the end of the module, students will be able to design experiments to test the effectiveness of a CPS’s security, as well as translate their experiences of securing one CPS to another within a different domain.
Fees and funding
Our annual tuition fee is set for a 12-month session, starting in the October of your year of study.
There may be extra costs related to your course for items such as books, stationery, printing, photocopying, binding and general subsistence on trips and visits. Following graduation, you may need to pay a subscription to a professional body for some chosen careers.
Specific additional costs for studying at Lancaster are listed below.
College fees
Lancaster is proud to be one of only a handful of UK universities to have a collegiate system. Every student belongs to a college, and all students pay a small college membership fee which supports the running of college events and activities. Students on some distance-learning courses are not liable to pay a college fee.
For students starting in 2025, the fee is £40 for undergraduates and research students and £15 for students on one-year courses.
Computer equipment and internet access
To support your studies, you will also require access to a computer, along with reliable internet access. You will be able to access a range of software and services from a Windows, Mac, Chromebook or Linux device. For certain degree programmes, you may need a specific device, or we may provide you with a laptop and appropriate software - details of which will be available on relevant programme pages. A dedicated IT support helpdesk is available in the event of any problems.
The University provides limited financial support to assist students who do not have the required IT equipment or broadband support in place.
Study abroad courses
In addition to travel and accommodation costs, while you are studying abroad, you will need to have a passport and, depending on the country, there may be other costs such as travel documents (e.g. VISA or work permit) and any tests and vaccines that are required at the time of travel. Some countries may require proof of funds.
Placement and industry year courses
In addition to possible commuting costs during your placement, you may need to buy clothing that is suitable for your workplace and you may have accommodation costs. Depending on the employer and your job, you may have other costs such as copies of personal documents required by your employer for example.
The fee that you pay will depend on whether you are considered to be a home or international student. Read more about how we assign your fee status.
Home fees are subject to annual review, and may be liable to rise each year in line with UK government policy. International fees (including EU) are reviewed annually and are not fixed for the duration of your studies. Read more about fees in subsequent years.
We will charge tuition fees to Home undergraduate students on full-year study abroad/work placements in line with the maximum amounts permitted by the Department for Education. The current maximum levels are:
Students studying abroad for a year: 15% of the standard tuition fee
Students taking a work placement for a year: 20% of the standard tuition fee
International students on full-year study abroad/work placements will be charged the same percentages as the standard International fee.
Please note that the maximum levels chargeable in future years may be subject to changes in Government policy.
Scholarships and bursaries
You will be automatically considered for our main scholarships and bursaries when you apply, so there's nothing extra that you need to do.
You may be eligible for the following funding opportunities, depending on your fee status:
Throughout all of our SCC modules we aim for a 50:50 split of lectures to practical work every week, providing you with weekly experience at building systems in our labs or working through theoretical concepts in workshops. Our lab spaces were fully refurbished in 2019 and are designed with a bright a spacious theme.
Comfortable capacities
Each lab has a maximum capacity of 45 students, providing what we believe is a comfortable upper limit on lab-based teaching group sizes, and many of our labs are designed around pods or clusters of computers which help to facilitate group work and also generally foster a social atmosphere.
24/7 access
We have six lab spaces in total, each of which is available exclusively to our own students who have 24/7 access to the lab suite.
Remote in
All of our own lab machines run the Ubuntu operating system, and we also have a remote virtual machine access service allowing you to use our lab software from your own computer anywhere on the campus.
Newly refurbished
Throughout all of our SCC modules we aim for a 50:50 split of lectures to practical work every week, providing you with weekly experience at building systems in our labs or working through theoretical concepts in workshops. Our lab spaces were fully refurbished in 2019 and are designed with a bright a spacious theme.
Comfortable capacities
Each lab has a maximum capacity of 45 students, providing what we believe is a comfortable upper limit on lab-based teaching group sizes, and many of our labs are designed around pods or clusters of computers which help to facilitate group work and also generally foster a social atmosphere.
24/7 access
We have six lab spaces in total, each of which is available exclusively to our own students who have 24/7 access to the lab suite.
Remote in
All of our own lab machines run the Ubuntu operating system, and we also have a remote virtual machine access service allowing you to use our lab software from your own computer anywhere on the campus.
Newly refurbished
Throughout all of our SCC modules we aim for a 50:50 split of lectures to practical work every week, providing you with weekly experience at building systems in our labs or working through theoretical concepts in workshops. Our lab spaces were fully refurbished in 2019 and are designed with a bright a spacious theme.
Comfortable capacities
Each lab has a maximum capacity of 45 students, providing what we believe is a comfortable upper limit on lab-based teaching group sizes, and many of our labs are designed around pods or clusters of computers which help to facilitate group work and also generally foster a social atmosphere.
24/7 access
We have six lab spaces in total, each of which is available exclusively to our own students who have 24/7 access to the lab suite.
Remote in
All of our own lab machines run the Ubuntu operating system, and we also have a remote virtual machine access service allowing you to use our lab software from your own computer anywhere on the campus.
Newly refurbished
Throughout all of our SCC modules we aim for a 50:50 split of lectures to practical work every week, providing you with weekly experience at building systems in our labs or working through theoretical concepts in workshops. Our lab spaces were fully refurbished in 2019 and are designed with a bright a spacious theme.
Comfortable capacities
Each lab has a maximum capacity of 45 students, providing what we believe is a comfortable upper limit on lab-based teaching group sizes, and many of our labs are designed around pods or clusters of computers which help to facilitate group work and also generally foster a social atmosphere.
24/7 access
We have six lab spaces in total, each of which is available exclusively to our own students who have 24/7 access to the lab suite.
Remote in
All of our own lab machines run the Ubuntu operating system, and we also have a remote virtual machine access service allowing you to use our lab software from your own computer anywhere on the campus.
The information on this site relates primarily to 2025/2026 entry to the University and every effort has been taken to ensure the information is correct at the time of publication.
The University will use all reasonable effort to deliver the courses as described, but the University reserves the right to make changes to advertised courses. In exceptional circumstances that are beyond the University’s reasonable control (Force Majeure Events), we may need to amend the programmes and provision advertised. In this event, the University will take reasonable steps to minimise the disruption to your studies. If a course is withdrawn or if there are any fundamental changes to your course, we will give you reasonable notice and you will be entitled to request that you are considered for an alternative course or withdraw your application. You are advised to revisit our website for up-to-date course information before you submit your application.
More information on limits to the University’s liability can be found in our legal information.
Our Students’ Charter
We believe in the importance of a strong and productive partnership between our students and staff. In order to ensure your time at Lancaster is a positive experience we have worked with the Students’ Union to articulate this relationship and the standards to which the University and its students aspire. View our Charter and other policies.
Our historic city is student-friendly and home to a diverse and welcoming community. Beyond the city you'll find a stunning coastline and the picturesque Lake District.