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 Ling 131: Language & Style
 

 Topic 8 - Discourse structure and point of view > Being the author! > Our answer

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Session Overview
Discourse structure and point of view
Discourse structure of 1st and 3rd person novels
Being the author!
Different kinds of point of view
Linguistic indicators of point of view
Ideological viewpoint
Point of view in a more extended example
Point of view checksheet
Topic 8 'tool' summary
 
Useful Links
Readings

Being the author!

The woman's viewpoint: our version and commentary:

I was sitting in the armchair by the fire, stroking Tiddles, when the door burst open and a man came flying in. I jumped up, terrified, and poor Tiddles shot out through the door. To defend myself I grabbed the butter knife from my tea tray, but my arm seemed to explode and I found myself lying on the floor, covered in blood and in terrible pain. The swine had shot me!

1st- person reference is consistently used in relation to the woman, and the past tense relates to her past time. The policeman gets 3rd-person reference. Because the woman is inside the room and the door is closed, the material about the policeman on the other side of the door has to be omitted.

In S1, she will know the cat, and so we have given it a name, 'Tiddles'. 'The door' is subject to 'burst' as, from her viewpoint it will seem as if the door opens itself. She cannot yet know what it is that is acting on the door. Similarly, the reference is to a man, not 'a policeman' or 'the policeman' as he is new for her and she cannot yet know his identity. The deictic verb 'came' codes the policeman's movement in terms of her position (movement towards the addresser). 'Flying' represents his movement as it could well have appeared from her viewpoint. The adjectives 'terrified' and 'poor' in S2 indicate her emotional stance, and 'out' codes the movement of the cat in relation to her spatial viewpoint.

In S3, 'to defend myself' is an indication of internal motivation consistent with representing the woman's viewpoint, as is the use of the non-factive 'seemed' and the explosion metaphor in 'my arm seemed to explode'. The sequence of information in S3 and S4 also indicates her viewpoint. She feels the pain before she realises (a) that she has been shot and (b) who must have shot her. Similarly, the omission of an explicit explanation of how it is that she ends up on the floor suggests the sudden painful and disorienting nature of her experience. The exclamation at the end of S4 indicates her emotional state, and her use of 'the swine' to refer to the policeman indicates her ideological stance in relation to him.

 


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