CHECKSHEET OF LINGUISTIC INDICATORS OF
POINT OF VIEW

(1) Given vs. New information, e.g.

(a) Definite/indefinite articles (a/the);
(b) textually referring (anaphoric) pronouns (you, it, they, etc.).

(2) Deictic (shifting) expressions related to place, e.g.

(a) adverbials (here/there, etc., to my left, in front of him);
(b) demonstrative pronouns (this/that, etc.);
(c) verbs (come/go, etc.).

(3) Deictic expressions relating to time, e.g.

(a) adverbials (now/then, today/that day, tomorrow, the following day, etc.);
(b) past and present tenses.

(4) "Socially deictic" expressions, e.g.

(a) personal and possessive pronouns (I, you, he: mine, yours, etc.);
(b) variant socially relevant expressions for the same person, e.g.
(i) the naming system: Mick, Mr. Short, dad
(ii) varying expressions in third person reference (sometimes called 'elegant variation'): Bunter, the hapless owl, the fat ornament of the Remove, the grub raider of the Remove.

(5) Indicators of the internal representation of a particular character's thoughts or perceptions, e.g.

(a) verbs of perception and cognition (see, hear, imagine, think,believe);
(b) verbs related to factivity
(cf. It was obvious that he was ill vs. It seems that he was ill vs. He pretended to be ill);
(c) adverbs related to factivity (actually, apparently).

(6) Value-laden and ideologically slanted expressions, e.g.

I saw Mick Short vs. I saw that awful Mick Short;
He is a freedom fighter vs. He is a terrorist;
the Far East vs. South East Asia.

(7) Event coding within and across sentences, e.g.

The man burst the door open vs. The door burst open;
Robin Hood ran past me vs. Someone ran past me. It was Robin Hood.