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 Ling 131: Language & Style
 
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 Topic 9 (session A) - Speech Presentation > What happens when speech is presented > Task C

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Session Overview
What happens when speech is presented
Varieties of speech presentation in the novel
More extended analyses
Thought presentation
Speech presentation Checksheet
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What happens when speech is presented

Task C - the complete set of ways of presenting speech

Below we present a rather fuller and slightly different version of the scale we began to examine in Task B. At the top of the scale we have a sentence (the most extreme form of Direct Speech, with no quotation marks and no narrator's reporting clause) in which only the speech of the character is represented. Then, as we come down the scale, the 'mix' of character and narrator gradually changes, so that at the other end we have the narrator 'on his or her own'. This bottom sentence is not a sentence of speech presentation at all, but a sentence of 'pure narration'. In even the most minimal representation of a character's speech there will still be a little bit of the character in there.

You can click on each sentence in turn to learn more about the sentences and categories and the relations among them. Click on all of them to learn more about them before moving on to the next page (which will look at some interesting examples of these categories in novels and stories).

You can click on the sentences in any order that takes your fancy, but we would suggest that you start at the two extremes and gradually work in, leaving Free Indirect Speech (FIS) till last. We have not yet introduced this category, which turns out to be very important in the novel, and in any case, as it is a kind of blend of the DS and IS categories, it is best understood after you have looked at DS and IS.

Charactor speaks
alone

arrow pointing up

Scale of filtration of
speech by the narrator
(scale of narrator
involvement)

arrow pointing down

Narrator speaks
alone
(states what happened)

1. I wasn't here yesterday, you idiot!

2. 'I wasn't here yesterday, you idiot.'

3. 'I wasn't here yesterday, you idiot,' she said.

4. She wasn't there yesterday, the idiot!

5. She wasn't there yesterday!

6. She told him that she had not been there the day before.

7. She pointed out his error.

8. She spoke severely to him.

9. She pushed him.

 

 


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