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6.49 Solving differential equations with Laplace transforms

Example.

Solve the initial value problem

d⁢yd⁢x+y=52⁢sin⁡2⁢x,  y⁢(0)=0.\frac{dy}{dx}+y=\frac{5}{2}\sin 2x,\;\;\;y(0)=0.

We apply the Laplace transform to both sides, to obtain:

ℒ⁢(d⁢yd⁢x+y)=52⁢2s2+4=5s2+4.{\mathcal{L}}\left(\frac{dy}{dx}+y\right)={\frac{5}{2}\frac{2}{s^{2}+4}=}\,{% \frac{5}{s^{2}+4}.}

Now the left-hand side is

ℒ⁢(d⁢yd⁢x)+ℒ⁢(y)=(-y⁢(0)+s⁢ℒ⁢(y))+ℒ⁢(y)=(s+1)⁢ℒ⁢(y).{\mathcal{L}}\left(\frac{dy}{dx}\right)+{\mathcal{L}}(y)=(-y(0)+s{\mathcal{L}}% (y))+{\mathcal{L}}(y)=(s+1){\mathcal{L}}(y).

Now we divide through by (s+1)(s+1) to obtain ℒ⁢(y)=5(s+1)⁢(s2+4).{\mathcal{L}}(y)={\frac{5}{(s+1)(s^{2}+4)}.} Now we apply ℒ-1{\mathcal{L}}^{-1} to get y=e-x+12⁢sin⁡2⁢x-cos⁡2⁢xy=e^{-x}+\frac{1}{2}\sin 2x-\cos 2x.