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Insecure Work

 

While unemployment in the UK has been historically low in recent years, large parts of our economy are characterised by insecure work. The UK’s withdrawal from the EU, the Covid-19 pandemic and the cost of living crisis have impacted working life in the UK, accelerating existing trends and producing short and potentially long-term challenges for people in precarious jobs.

Insecure work is not inherently good or bad. However, some of forms of insecurity – particularly when occurring in combination with others – can contribute to higher risk of job loss, lower financial wellbeing and more limited access to important employment rights.

Our UK Insecure Work Index 2024 estimated that 6.8 million people people in the UK (21.4% of the workforce) are in severely insecure work and face the greatest risk of facing these negative long-term effects.

Our analysis shows that structural inequality in the labour market means women, young people, ethnic minority workers and disabled workers are disproportionately likely to be in an insecure job. We’re concerned that some workers are feeling a need to compromise job security to get work that offers the flexibility they need.

Our Insecure Work strand aims to deliver new evidence and ideas to help organisations, policymakers and workers:

  • Protect workers from the negative effects of insecurity
  • Raise the floor of minimum UK working standards
  • Transform the labour market so that everyone has access to rewarding, secure and flexible work.

Reports

  • No Progress? Tackling long-term insecure work

    New research by the Work Foundation at Lancaster University analysing what impact the quality of work contributes to long-term employment outcomes. It finds that over a four-year period (2017/18 – 2021/22) that four in ten insecure workers (44%) fell into ‘long-term insecurity’.

  • Double Jeopardy: Insecurity at work and at home

    New analysis from the Work Foundation at Lancaster University reveals that 1.4 million people face the 'double jeopardy' of working in severely insecure jobs whilst living in the private rented sector as rents soar.

  • Employer briefing: Supporting workers in insecure jobs

    In the UK, 6.2 million workers are in severely insecure jobs, potentially leading to job loss, poor health, and limited employment rights. The Work Foundation and CMI's analysis indicates that effective management practices can alleviate these issues. Our employer briefing provides guidance for senior leaders and managers to support workers in insecure jobs.

  • Managing Insecurity: The role of good management

    Insecure workers who feel they are treated well at work are 7.5 times more likely to be satisfied with their job. This research, employing a mix-method approach, examines the critical role that good management practices can play in mitigating some of the adverse impacts associated with job insecurity.

  • Delivering Levelling Up? How secure work can reduce regional inequality

    This new report explores the geography of job insecurity across England. It shows there is unequal access to secure employment opportunities across England, and sets out a series of measures that could transform local labour markets, and introduce a big step forward for the Levelling Up agenda..

  • Limiting Choices: Why people risk insecure work

    New research explores the constraints and choices people face when they decide to engage in insecure work. Many of those in insecure work find themselves having to trade security for flexibility to balance work around other factors in their lives.

  • The Disability Gap: Insecure work in the UK

    New analysis of UK labour market data reveals disabled workers are 1.5 times more likely than non-disabled workers to be in severely insecure work. Some groups are particularly disadvantaged, including autistic workers, female disabled workers, and those with mental health conditions.

  • A year of uncertainty? The Retained EU Law Bill 2022 and UK workers' rights

    New analysis from the Work Foundation at Lancaster University reveals that Government plans to rush the ‘sunsetting’ of EU laws by the end of 2023 will put the rights and protections of more than 8.6 million UK workers at risk.

  • The Gender Gap: Insecure work in the UK

    New analysis of UK labour market data has identified a gender insecurity gap, with working women nearly twice as likely as working men to be in severely insecure work – and the situation worsens for mothers, disabled women and women from specific ethnic minority backgrounds.

  • Room to Grow: Removing barriers to training for people on universal credit

    Many people who receive Universal Credit (UC) face conditionality requirements which can impact on their ability to take part in training activity. Through qualitative interviews, this research explored how the training aspirations of people on UC are influenced by the conditionality requirements they are required to meet.

Blogs

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thumbnail image for Creating a real choice? Ten years on from the introduction of Shared Parental Leave

Creating a real choice? Ten years on from the introduction of Shared Parental Leave

Posted on: 3 April 2025 by Emelia Williams

On 5 April 2015, parents of newborn babies or children matched or placed for adoption were able to choose for the first time whether they wanted to share the mother’s maternity leave. But ten years on, what impact has it had on parents and children? 

thumbnail image for Government sets pathway to benefit cuts but at what cost?

Government sets pathway to benefit cuts but at what cost?

Posted on: 19 March 2025 by Jon Fitzmaurice and Ben Harrison

After weeks of briefings and rumours, the Government launched its Green Paper on reforming welfare benefits. Set against a backdrop of working age health benefits rising by £19 billion in real terms over the last five years – and due to continue to rise – and 2.78 million people economically inactive due to long-term ill physical and mental health, the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions outlined a ‘pathways to work’ agenda that aims to build on the Get Britain Working White Paper.

thumbnail image for Health and safety gone mad? Policymakers need to create a positive health and safety narrative to deliver improvements to workforce health

Health and safety gone mad? Policymakers need to create a positive health and safety narrative to deliver improvements to workforce health

Posted on: 5 February 2025 by George Williams

Last year marked the 50th anniversary of the Health and Safety Act. The landmark legislation has improved health and safety standards but the UK faces new challenges with rising levels of long-term sickness as the Government aims to Get Britain Working. But as some people claim health and safety has gone too far, what role can modernised regulations and a new, positive narrative on health and safety play in improving the health of workers and the economy?

thumbnail image for Sustained pay growth will be welcome news for workers but underlying labour market challenges remain

Sustained pay growth will be welcome news for workers but underlying labour market challenges remain

Posted on: 17 December 2024 by Aman Navani

This month’s UK labour market statistics paint a mixed picture as 2024 draws to an end. Employment and unemployment remain largely unchanged but pay growth exceeded economists’ expectations. Vacancies continued a downward trend of the past two and half years. The Government faces an uphill task in reaching its ambitious target of an 80% employment rate, which would be the equivalent of getting approximately two million people back to work. 

thumbnail image for Work Foundation sets out key tests ahead of Labour’s first King’s Speech

Work Foundation sets out key tests ahead of Labour’s first King’s Speech

Posted on: 16 July 2024 by Asli Atay Budak, Jon Fitzmaurice and Ben Harrison

Ahead of the King's Speech on 17 July 2024, the Work Foundation has set out three key tests to help judge whether the policies and measures announced are likely to make working lives better.

thumbnail image for “I can’t afford to take a week off sick” – Challenges facing the new Government as workers sacrifice their health to pay their bills

“I can’t afford to take a week off sick” – Challenges facing the new Government as workers sacrifice their health to pay their bills

Posted on: 9 July 2024 by Reiss Tigwell

Although time off in the UK has become widespread, access to it is unequal. Alina Toma, 40, has a chronic medical condition which at times means she’s simply unable to work. And yet because the amount of money Alina receives as sick pay is significantly lower than her pay, she continues to work so that she can simply pay her bills. 

thumbnail image for General Election 2024: Seven things we have learned from the parties’  manifestos

General Election 2024: Seven things we have learned from the parties’ manifestos

Posted on: 27 June 2024 by Asli Atay Budak and George Williams

With all of the parties now having published their election manifestos, or for Reform, their contract, it is now possible to assess how their employment related policies compare. So, what have we learnt?

thumbnail image for Work Foundation sets out key tests ahead of the King’s Speech

Work Foundation sets out key tests ahead of the King’s Speech

Posted on: 6 November 2023 by Asli Atay Budak and George Williams

Ahead of the King's Speech on 7 November 2023, the Work Foundation has set out three key tests to help judge whether the policies and measures announced are likely to make working lives better.

thumbnail image for What we have learned about women’s experiences of insecure work

What we have learned about women’s experiences of insecure work

Posted on: 10 August 2023 by Olivia Gable

Over the last year, the Work Foundation has developed insight into the relationship between gender and insecure work. Building on the UK Insecure Work Index 2022, we learned through The Gender Gap, Gender Matters 2022, and Limiting Choices why women are over-represented in insecure work, what impacts their decisions when they look for jobs, and the impacts of being in insecure work. This blog summarises our findings and what needs to be done to ensure women can access and stay in secure jobs.

thumbnail image for “I kept burning myself out over and over again” – Why disabled people are more likely to be in insecure work

“I kept burning myself out over and over again” – Why disabled people are more likely to be in insecure work

Posted on: 31 July 2023 by Reiss Tigwell

Recent research conducted by the Work Foundation at Lancaster University has revealed that 1.3million disabled workers find themselves trapped in severely insecure work in the UK.