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issue 95

1 November 2012

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'Truth: lies open to all'

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Every fortnight during term-time.

All editorial correspondence to: subtext-editors [at] lancaster.ac.uk. Please delete as soon as possible after receipt. Back issues and subscription details can be found at http://www.lancs.ac.uk/subtext.

The editors welcome letters, comments, suggestions and opinions from readers. subtext reserves the right to edit submissions.

subtext does not publish material that is submitted anonymously, but is willing to consider without obligation requests for publication with the name withheld.

For tips to prevent subtext from getting swept up into your 'junk email folder', see http://www.lancs.ac.uk/subtext/dejunk/.

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CONTENTS: editorial, news in brief, indoor climate of campus buildings, making professor 25 September, wind turbine, debate with Aditya Chakrabortty of The Guardian, recital by Demidenko, letters.

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EDITORIAL: College Design

The University website describes the Colleges as '...one of the most distinctive and valued features of the University.' We would argue that, largely as a result of the changes to the physical fabric of the University over the last twenty years, the Colleges are 'distinctive' and 'valued' only in the same sense that New Labour is 'socialist' and the People's Republic of North Korea is 'Democratic'. Calling something something does not make it so – in fact, it can merely serve to draw attention to the gap between the claim and the reality.

Let it be clearly said that any criticism should be seen in the context of consistently valiant efforts by College officers and members to stem the flow. People involved with the Colleges – and there are not enough – see the good they can do, and work hard to keep the show on the road. But they have had to contend with constant rhetorical lauding of the College system as a selling-point for prospective undergraduates coupled with a consistent and debilitating devaluing and removal of resources from the Colleges by the University in practice. Let's be clear, almost every renovation of the various buildings across campus has resulted in a dilution of College identity. We do not say that this was a conscious strategic decision – it would perhaps be more forgivable if it was. This is more due to neglect and a misunderstanding of what Colleges are actually for. 

So. What gives a College 'identity'? Social space for a start. This is not simply every College having its own bar, (although that's a start), any more than it would if every College had its own swimming pool (though that's a thought). Bars don't give character to Colleges, the people and activities that happen in the bar do. The recent removal of licensees from bars and replacing them with managers who aren't really in charge removes the capacity for the character of a bar to be a reflection of those who run it. Further, back in the day, every College once had a Junior Common Room, the running of which was vested in the College. This is essential for College spirit. If a space is centrally timetabled then it doesn't belong to the students, and multi-use spaces (aka glorified seminar rooms) don't lend themselves to the sort of things – often not entirely respectable – that students get up to when left to get on with things. Yes, JCRs were untidy (managerially and often literally), yes they are inefficient, but that's how you build College spirit. And those spaces were used for JCR meetings, and a goodly proportion of undergraduates attended those meetings, because they were seen as meaningful and because officers went round the bar beforehand, looked people in the eye and told them to pick up their drink and come to the meeting. Not any more. Let's not forget that every College had an SCR as well. All of these are now gone, turned into more efficient space. People wonder why staff no longer get involved with the Colleges. Put simply, there used to be a place where they could go which was specifically identified with College membership. Not any more.

We could go on, but we and you are all busy people. So here's the thing. College Principals and staff have increasingly been placed in a thankless situation. The University is divided into eight sections, the divisions as random and taking as little cognisance of existing realities as the carving up of Africa in the late 19th Century. The reasons for the divisions of students into Colleges are now entirely administrative and sporting; there is no meaningful College identity beyond a random separation into groups identified by different badges. Membership of a College doesn't mean anything any more. It used to. It should. The Colleges - Principals, staff, Student Officers, not the University – should be getting together to write a plan to re-energise and re-establish the Colleges as a vibrant force in the community. Prof Wellings' priority was to get the buildings renovated and then organised in a way that fitted activities in straight lines on a spreadsheet. Spaces do not exist to arrange people's lives, they exist to service them. The Colleges need to approach the new Vice-Chancellor and make him see the urgent need for a new vision.

We are aware that these are interesting times for the Colleges, and that others are thinking about how they may move forward. Next issue we will present some possibilities. Contributions and letters welcome.

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NEWS IN BRIEF

Funding

Subscribers will have been informed (but probably not surprised) by the front page of the Independent on 25.10.12: http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/whether-you-call-it-unishambles-or-not-education-is-becoming-available-only-to-those-who-can-afford-it-8227896.html?origin=internalSearch. We won't rehash the article, but in essence: despite the fact that we have moved to a system where students instead of the government (that's the taxpayer) are funding education, it is still going to cost the government (again, that's us) more now than it did when the government paid for it. So the government (very definitely not us in this instance) will probably have to reduce the number of university places in order to cover the deficit. Perhaps there is a certain mad genius to charging people three times as much for something in order to reduce a subsidy, and ending up actually having to increase the subsidy as a result. Or perhaps the new figures just make brutally clear what some have been saying all along - that the shift of funding from block grant to fees was part of an ideological neoliberal project to undermine the notion of the public university, smuggled in under the cover of the financial crisis.

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Venue hours

When The Venue (the coffee shop just south of Alexandra Square) first opened some ten(?) years ago it offered a quieter and more civilised experience than most of the campus coffee bars. The furniture may have been a bit twee and incongruously cottagey, and the service was often remarkably slow, but at least the place was reasonably clean and quiet, and it had newspapers for customers to read.

Anyone who goes to The Venue for a cup of tea at 4.15 pm, which might be thought a reasonable time to do this, will now find that they will be encouraged to drink up from about 4.20 onwards - because the place now closes at 4.30. Afternoon tea is often thought to be the most civilised meal of the day, but it isn't at all civilised to be hustled almost as soon as you sit down. It would be helpful if the place advertised its opening hours so that one wouldn't be tempted to go in at 4.15 in the hope of a relaxing cup of tea.

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USS Pensions Fund

A recent Private Eye (no. 1325, dated 19 October – 1 November 2012) observes that the Universities Superannuation Scheme, which receives the pension contributions of academic staff in UK universities and should eventually provide their pensions, has made a number of 'disastrous' investment decisions over the past few years which have turned the scheme from one that was fully funded into one with a deficit of £10bn. It has achieved this by investing in shares and 'alternative' investments such as hedge funds and private equity, very much against the advice of (for example) pensions experts and the Financial Times. Private Eye reports that USS is only gradually clawing its way back. It also says that the scheme's Chief Investment Officer, John Gray, received pay from USS of £810,000 plus pension last year. This generous sum was paid largely because the scheme outperformed a strategic benchmark which appears to have been largely notional. No doubt this kind of shameless behaviour is common currency in the City.

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Empowering women

In the last issue of subtext we commented on the lamentable example of the student cricket club advertising itself with a picture of a young woman dressed in cricket pads and a bikini. Ho hum. Now we see (right next to the cricket club advert, as it happens, which may or may not be significant) a flyer for pole-dance classes. It keeps you fit, apparently. So, of course, would washing men's clothes, carrying their bags and running errands to the shops for them. Perhaps in weeks to come we'll see flyers for a new student society promoting those activities for young women too. Forward to the 1950s...

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Nicknames

Also in the last issue of subtext we ran a piece about the nicknames people give their workmates. Thanks to those who contacted us with further examples. The three best ones were 'Waldo' (because no-one could ever find him); 'The Time Terrorist'; and (of a colleague) 'The Unobtainable Sanguinary Plumber'. Because he never did a bloody tap. More please.

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INDOOR CLIMATE OF CAMPUS BUILDINGS

In the last issue of subtext we noted that a number of recent campus buildings had scored very highly under the BREEAM method of rating the energy economy of buildings at the design stage. We wrote that 'in some buildings that have been BREEAM-rated there have been complaints about poor ventilation and about the indoor climate in general', but observed that this didn't apply to any buildings on the Lancaster campus as far as subtext knew. Since then some of our subscribers have made sure we are better informed.

Comments on the Charles Carter Building, by the architects McAslan and Partners, praise the building for its open, airy and bright ambience, but a number of negative views were also expressed. The large central atrium has a tiled floor, about one third of which slopes gradually down to the entrance doors to provide easy access to the building for people with disabilities. The trouble with the slope is that it makes this large area of floor unusable for almost any activity other than moving into or out of the building. This is a big waste of indoor space.

The open atrium extends upwards through all four floors of the building. At B, C and D floor levels there are large work spaces for postgraduates which are open to the atrium on one side. The hard tiled floor at the bottom is a good reflector of sound, and there is substantial student traffic to and from classes at ground-floor level, so these open work spaces are noisy. Postgraduate students generally prefer a quiet working environment, so these postgraduate work areas are grossly underused (at 11 am on Monday the total number of students using the 70-odd desks was zero).

The entrance from the spine is via sliding doors which open wide to allow large numbers to pass through. Of course, the doors also let a lot of cold air in, and the ground floor is cold in winter; on the other hand, D floor is often too hot. Several of the desks in the open area of D floor have fans on them.

Many other comments on the Charles Carter Building have been made and documented, but perhaps the most telling is that there was not much meaningful consultation about usage habits before the spaces were designed. Concerns were aired about noise, but these concerns were ignored.

Another recent building that has attracted criticism is the ISS Building at the south-east corner of the campus, just within the perimeter road. This building contains a spacious open-plan work area for many ISS staff, and an enclosed machines area. The workspaces are quite pleasant, but many of the ISS staff find the climate uncomfortable within their part of the building, because the humidity is usually very low. Consequences of this are generation of static electricity (sparks have apparently killed off a number of lap-tops), exacerbation of skin problems for those who are susceptible, and general discomfort. The dry atmosphere also makes people feel cold, so the indoor temperature has been raised to compensate, to 24° or even 25°C. Some have had to bring in humidifiers, so as to create a tolerable atmosphere in their work areas. This is all very wasteful of energy, obviously. 

It appears that some late design decisions may be to blame for the unsatisfactory climate in the ISS Building. Humidity regulation was probably value-engineered out of the building during the design phase. Whatever the cause, the University could probably save money in the medium-to-long term, as well as providing a better working environment for the staff, if it took another look at the cooling and heating arrangements in the ISS Building office space.

PS Here is an extract from 'Property Week', August 8th, 2008: 'A Hummer could get a BREEAM excellent rating so long as the seats were made of recycled material, water was collected for re-use in the windscreen washers, the tyres had efficient tread design and there was a bike rack built into the boot door.'

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MAKING PROFESSOR, 25 SEPTEMBER

Lancaster University held its fourth 'Making Professor' event in September, following up on earlier such events in 2000, 2003 and 2009. The idea of these events is to gather people together to address issues of equality and diversity in academic career development. Issues such as ethnic diversity were touched on, but the focus was particularly on how to correct the gender imbalance in senior academic posts at the University. Two of our four Faculty Deans are women, and one of our three Pro-VCs, but at the department level Lancaster tends to follow the national picture: although female undergraduates now outnumber male ones, the balance quickly shifts in favour of men as one moves up the grades of academic staff from lecturer to senior lecturer and beyond. Things are getting better, but only slowly: in 2003 only 15% of UK professors were women, in 2006 it was 17.5%, and in 2010 still only 20%.

For some disciplines, this imbalance is already there at A-level choice. But for other subjects it only really starts above the level of lecturer, so we have to put the spotlight on the internal norms and practices of academic life if we want to explain and address it. During the day a number of barriers to advancement for women academics were mentioned: women not being as well networked, either formally in learned societies or through the kind of informal networking that happens in evening drinking sessions at conferences; a lack of positive leadership at departmental level to set a good example and to encourage an inclusive culture; cultural norms in meetings which mean that ideas put forward by women are often ignored (including by women) or claimed by men; promotions criteria that reward the more traditionally 'masculine' behaviour of individual research excellence rather than teaching, administration or good collegiality; and inflexible career expectations that put anyone taking maternity leave at a severe disadvantage.

After an introduction by the Vice Chancellor, the day started with two female professors, Louise Heathwaite and Jennie Popay, describing their own path to becoming professor. Both stories were illuminating, especially the contrasts between them. Professor Heathwaite's story, though clearly involving a great deal of application, sounded similar to that of many male professors in its ordered progression and emphasis on individual achievement; that of Professor Popay, by contrast, was much more unconventional and circuitous, and crucially involved strong support networks of feminist academics at her home institutions. Yet it was a shame that neither of the speakers had gone through Lancaster's chair promotion process, but had been appointed here as professors; many of those present would probably have appreciated hearing first-hand from someone who had. In the presentation later in the day by Andy Clarke, Director of HR, he suggested that one key factor in Lancaster's improvement in the proportion of its professors that are female, from 4.7% in 2000, to 22% today, was the move to transparent, clear promotions criteria. But would everyone agree with that description of the current criteria?

The most inspiring talk of the day was from Professor Paul Walton, Head of Chemistry at York University, who described how his department achieved a coveted Athena SWAN Gold award for their work to address the gender imbalance. His presentation emphasised the word 'fair', distinguishing between positive action (what York did – just ensuring that processes were equitable) and positive discrimination (for example quotas - probably illegal). He also insisted that the changes were not a case of the pursuit of equality at the expense of quality, but had in fact significantly enhanced the department's reputation and academic output. He also suggested that the most significant changes came not through introducing new policies but by changing departmental culture.

Nevertheless, Professor Walton outlined some specific innovations that he felt had been important, including annual promotion seminars chaired by the HoD; the publication of anonymous successful promotion cases; ensuring that committee members behaved fairly; the creation of an Inclusiveness Committee with the job of making the department fairer; meetings being held within 'core hours' (10.00-15.00) to allow those with young children to attend; and inclusive social activities. But he highlighted two initiatives as having had the most beneficial impact. The first was issuing a guarantee that anyone working part-time could return to full-time work when they wanted to; despite concerns about the cost to the salary bill, this in fact went down as many members of staff – both male and female – felt secure enough to reduce their hours and adjust their work-life balance without burning their boats. The second was grounded in research which showed that maternity leave does indeed damage academic careers; in response, the department offered women taking maternity leave resources to support them on their return to work in order to prevent loss of career momentum.

One thing that Professor Walton stressed was that it was crucial that universities talked with their social scientists, since it was they who have the theoretical understanding and evidence on which effective strategies can be built. subtext hopes that this advice is heeded, and that future events of this type take advantage of local expertise in gender matters. Participants from the Centre for Gender and Women's Studies made a number of useful contributions illustrating the kind of critical intellectual work that can make visible the barriers that slow down women's promotion – for example the use of subtly gendered language in promotions criteria, such as 'distinguished' and 'excellence'.

Perhaps the most encouraging aspect of the day was that the Vice-Chancellor not only introduced the meeting, but stayed until the final breakout session, and seemed to be genuinely engaged. This suggests that, if anyone senior enough were to really take this agenda forward in a systematic way for Lancaster, they might well get the kind of backing – and resources – that would be needed to really make a difference at Lancaster.

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WIND TURBINE

Installation of the University's new wind turbine on the Hazelrigg site was completed last week in a benign spell of relatively still weather. It is expected to be in operation in a few weeks from now. Approximately due east of County College main building and on the other side of the M6, the turbine is clearly visible from parts of the campus. 

It is also visible to the residents of houses in Hazelrigg Lane, and according to reports in the Lancaster Guardian of 25 October they aren't pleased with it. They do not like the look of it, it spoils their views of the countryside, they are worried about the noise it may make, and they are also concerned about flicker disturbance from the blades. Until the turbine begins to operate, it is impossible to tell how far their concerns may be justified, but it is unfortunate that the University did not manage to allay their fears in advance. The Lancaster Guardian says that the owners of Valley View Boarding Kennels, the nearest property to the turbine, decided that they would sell up rather than live so near it. They have already done so, and have moved to Blackburn.

One subtext editor visited the nearest working wind farm, at Caton Moor, on a fine afternoon a few days ago. Couples were walking their dogs among the turbine towers and admiring the views. Standing directly under the rotor of a turbine, there was an audible whoosh as each blade passed overhead, and the sound of the machinery could also be heard; but a short distance away it was difficult to detect any noise at all, other than that of the wind. (It might be different if you were inside a building with your ears sheltered from the wind.)

According to the web site of Enercon, the German manufacturers of the University's turbine, their latest machines are direct-drive, in other words they have no gearbox, which removes one possible source of noise. Enercon also claim that their blade design is more efficient and quieter than those of their competitors. Certainly the blades of the Hazelrigg machine are noticeably different from those of the Caton Moor turbines, which are made by RE Power, another German manufacturer. 

But it has to be recognised that some people don't like wind turbines, full stop, and no arguments will persuade them to love them.

(See also letters)

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DEBATE WITH ADITYA CHAKRABORTTY OF THE GUARDIAN

On 23 October the Department of Sociology hosted a public debate called 'Capitalism is in crisis - so where are the sociologists?', chaired by Professor John Urry. The guest of honour and opening speaker was Aditya Chakrabortty, who, as well as being the Guardian's economics leader writer, also writes a weekly column in the paper on economic matters. In April he published an article which noted that, while the economic crisis had also been a crisis for the discipline of economics, in that few economists had seen the crisis coming, the non-economic social and political sciences had utterly failed to offer any alternative analyses. Rather than seizing the opportunity to change the terms in which capitalism is understood, and thereby perhaps changing capitalism itself, he argued, political scientists and sociologists had simply continued their insular disciplinary debates as if the crisis hadn't happened at all (see  http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2012/apr/16/economics-has-failed-us-alternative-voices). 

The article, he told a packed room in his opening talk, provoked the most communications of any he has written. Three weeks after it was published he used his column to summarise the responses he had received. On the one hand, public letters from individual social scientists and responses from their professional bodies had tended to be defensive and dismissive of the charge (though the examples of good work on the causes of the crisis that they cited were the exceptions that proved the rule). On the other hand, private communications had largely been in agreement with his overall charge: that while capitalism foundered, the vast majority of sociologists were simply continuing their research on topics like 'the real-ale industry, or whether Asian cricketers lose out by not going for a post-match pint' (see http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2012/may/07/academics-cant-answer-criticism-analysis).

The short responses that followed Chakrabortty, from local sociologists Bob Jessop, Andrew Sayer, Sylvia Walby and Bronislaw Szerszynski, each in different ways illustrated how sociology might expand our understanding of the financial crisis, through lenses such as political economy, gender and socio-metabolic analysis. It was clear from these responses that one aim of inviting Chakrabortty to the University was to show him that Lancaster Sociology, at least, could not easily be dismissed as insular and irrelevant. But, perhaps more interestingly, they and the discussion that followed did not simply try to rebut Chakrabortty's thesis about the state of the discipline in general, but if anything reinforced it and made it seem even more significant. 

What seemed to emerge in the lively discussion that followed was a broadly shared analysis of a slow crisis in the public university itself, in which, under the growing pressure of narrowly defined career structures, performance reviews and research assessment, professional social scientists have become increasingly oriented either to inward-looking contributions to what Chakrabortty amusingly termed 'the Journal of Niche Studies', or to the production of narrowly instrumental knowledge that might be used to help society run more smoothly. The debate left the strong impression that Chakrabortty's public rebuke of sociology had done it a favour. In pointing out its disappointing response to such a momentous crisis, he had given occasion for sociology to recall the richer understanding of its calling that animated the early pioneers of the discipline: as involving a normative responsibility to offer large-scale analyses of society and its travails, and to shape visions of its possible futures.

Relatedly, on 7 November Occupy Lancaster and the University's Economics Society, with the support of the MA in Leadership for Sustainability, are holding a debate on the ability of economics to get us out of the current crisis, involving external speakers and members of the Economics Department. The event will be held in the Management School's Lecture Theatre 4 Break-out Area, from 2.00 till 5.30 - see http://m.facebook.com/events/534029559944430/.

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RECITAL BY DEMIDENKO

The University's International Concert season began on 25 October with a powerful performance by the pianist Nikolai Demidenko. This was the first solo recital on the University's new Steinway concert grand, and in his programme of works by Schumann, Chopin and Mussorgsky Demidenko explored the piano's capabilities to the full.

The recital opened with Carnival Scenes from Vienna by Schumann - Schumann wrote most of this work at carnival time in Vienna, where he was staying in 1839 whilst wooing Clara Wieck, his future wife, and engaging in a legal dispute with her father, who was his former teacher. Despite these distractions, Schumann captured the carnival atmosphere very effectively in this five-movement suite; and Demidenko relayed it to the audience well - especially in the third-movement scherzino. 

The second item was the piano sonata no 3 by Chopin. Once again, the most effective of the movements was the scherzo, which Demidenko played delicately and at lightning speed, as indicated by the markings molto vivace and leggiero.

The final work in the programme, after the interval, was the suite Pictures at an Exhibition, by Mussorgsky. The exhibition in question was of paintings by the composer's friend Viktor Hartmann, who had died suddenly in 1873 aged only 39. Mussorgsky lent several pictures from his own collection and helped to organise the exhibition, which took place at the Academy of Fine Arts in St Petersburg in 1874. Fired by this, Mussorgsky wrote the suite, the individual movements of which refer to works by Hartmann shown in the exhibition. They are linked by a promenade theme, which depicts the viewer walking slowly through the exhibition. The pianist played the suite in the original version, for piano solo. It is now often heard played by a full orchestra, most commonly in the orchestration by Ravel.

Demidenko is able to achieve ff, fff, or even more, with little apparent effort. Sometimes he did so at points in the music where such volume seemed unnecessary, or even inappropriate. Such is his strength that by the time he reached the encores, a few of the strings of the piano were beginning to go noticeably out of tune.

This recital was a highly dramatic start to what promises to be a very interesting season of concerts.

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LETTERS

Dear subtext,

The wind turbine is now partly erected on Hazelrigg Lane and even without its sails up [note: this letter is dated 19 October], it is clear that it is environmentally damaging, representing a hideous eyesore for miles around:  I could see it from the Lancaster-Clitheroe (Trough) road, looming very large indeed.

When it was originally palmed off on us by management, I seem to remember it being claimed that it would produce 1/3 of the university's energy needs but in the latest LUText that has been reduced to '11-17%'. We have still not been told, however (at least as far as I can recall) at what percentage of the contraption's claimed capacity it would need to operate to produce even that. I think we should be told, as most of these things only achieve about ¼ of what was claimed for them; we should certainly keep an eye on its performance.

Yours aye,

Dr Richard Austen-Baker, Senior Lecturer in Law 

[The editors understand that the reduction from 1/3 to 11-17% of the University's energy needs has occurred because the University gained planning consent for only one turbine instead of the two that were originally proposed.]

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Dear subtext,

I noted towards the end of your report of the recent Senate meeting that 'some of the discussion centred on the idea of the University establishing more of a presence in Lancaster centre, possibly at the Storey Institute'. I am tempted to suggest that the university not only establish a presence at the Storey but that they start to run short courses to encourage the public to engage with HE. They could call it 'Open Studies'...

Paula Foster, formerly of the Department of Continuing Education

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Dear subtext,

Following your inclusion of an item on Ian Parker's suspension in the last subtext, I am forwarding the following update. This can also be found on the asylumonline link included below.

Best wishes,

Hilary Hinds, English and Creative Writing

MMU has now decided that a disciplinary hearing will go ahead on the two charges that Ian Parker 'constructed and widely distributed an email, which intended to undermine the credibility of a Head of Department' and that 'distribution of this email constitutes a failure to comply with a reasonable management instruction'. This unbelievable decision is despite local, national and international calls for the suspension of Ian Parker from MMU to be lifted. Not only is Ian prohibited from discussing his case with colleagues in the university, entering university premises or accessing his work email, but he is prohibited from speaking publicly about the charges. Not only is the response of MMU to these charges grossly disproportionate, but MMU continues to respond to newspaper inquiries with the insidious claim that external speculation around the reasons for the suspension is 'wholly inaccurate', thus damaging Ian's reputation. As a first step to repairing his reputation, and in line with Ian's own call for all documents relating to the case to be released publicly, we call on MMU to at least state openly what the charges are.

Anyone who would like to support him could now simply demand of MMU that they tell the truth. Letters to this effect can be sent to the Vice-Chancellor John Brooks (john.brooks@mmu.ac.uk) and the Head of the Department of Psychology Christine Horrocks (c.horrocks@mmu.ac.uk). These messages can be copied as messages of solidarity to the MMU UCU chair Pura Ariza (p.ariza@mmu.ac.uk) and it is imperative that, at the same time, support should be stepped up to support Christine Vié (c.vie@mmu.ac.uk) the MMU UCU vice-chair who has been singled out for redundancy.

Details about the case, including letters of support and the petition link, are at http://www.asylumonline.net/ian-parkers-suspension-from-manchester-metropolitan-university/.

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Dear subtext,

Further to Michela Masci's letter (Subtext 94), while studying at Lancaster in 2011 I too accidentally discovered that the library clears out large numbers of books, department by department. Behind the service counter (now gone) I could see a trolley full of books with a paper sign saying which department they had come from. On enquiring I was told that the library constantly reviews the value of each book according to how many times it has been issued in recent years. Those deemed 'not worth keeping' are offered to a second-hand book dealer, and any which the dealer doesn't want are then sent to be shredded. According to the staff member explaining this, the library will not offer 'unwanted' books to students or staff, and will not hold a 10p/50p sale (like in a public library). Perhaps those are the book dealer's terms - s/he will only take unwanted books in return for having the first and only crack at them. It's frustrating; on the 3rd Floor there's a superb, and expensive, book, in excellent condition, concerned with the trading history of a prominent company which interests me. As it will probably never be issued to many readers, its days at Lancaster are presumably numbered.

(name and address provided)

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The editorial collective of subtext currently consists (in alphabetical order) of: Sam Clark, Mark Garnett, George Green, Ian Paylor, David Smith, Bronislaw Szerszynski and Martin Widden.

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