336 THE STONES OF VENICE DECORATION

only successful changes have been mediæval; and their nature will be at once understood by a glance at the varieties given on the opposite page. It will be well first to give the buildings in which they occur, in order.

1. Santa Fosca, Torcello.13. Fondaco de’ Turchi, Venice.

2. North transept, St. Mark’s, 14. Ca’ Giustiniani, Venice.

Venice.15. Byzantine fragment, Venice.

3. Nave, Torcello.16. St. Mark’s, upper colonnade.

4. Nave, Torcello.17. Ducal Palace, Venice (windows).

5. South transept, St. Mark’s.18. Ca’ Falier, Venice.

6. Northern portico, upper shafts,19. St. Zeno, Verona.

St. Mark’s.20. San Stefano, Venice.

7. Another of the same group.21. Ducal Palace, Venice (windows).

8. Cortile of St. Ambrogio, Milan.22. Nave, Salisbury.

9. Nave-shafts, St. Michele,23. Santa Fosca, Torcello.

Pavia.24. Nave, Lyons Cathedral.

10. Outside wall base, St. Mark’s, 25. Notre Dame, Dijon.

Venice.26. Nave, Bourges Cathedral.

11. Fondaco de’ Turchi, Venice.27. Nave, Mortain (Normandy).

12. Nave, Vienne, France.28. Nave, Rouen Cathedral.

§ 6. Eighteen out of the twenty-eight varieties are Venetian, being bases to which I shall have need of future reference; but the interspersed examples, 8, 9, 12, and 19, from Milan, Pavia, Vienne (France), and Verona, show the exactly correspondent conditions of the Romanesque base at the period, throughout the centre of Europe. The last five examples show the changes effected by the French Gothic architects: the Salisbury base (22) I have only introduced to show its dulness and vulgarity beside them; and 23, from Torcello, for a special reason, in that place.

§ 7. The reader will observe that the two bases, 8 and 9, from the two most important Lombardic churches of Italy, St. Ambrogio of Milan and St. Michele of Pavia,¹ mark the character of the barbaric base founded on pure Roman models, sometimes approximating to such models very closely; and the varieties 10, 11, 13, 16 are Byzantine types also founded on Roman models. But in the bases 1 to 7 inclusive, and, still more characteristically, in 23 below, there

¹ [For these churches, see above, p. 40.]

[Version 0.04: March 2008]