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See Works, 9.245 on the church of San Giovanni Evangelista Fuorcivitas at Pistoja and Pisan Romanesque, the starting point for Italian Gothic at Notebook M p.47L. Compare Notebook M2 pp.14f concerned with the transition from round to pointed arches. The situation is complicated at Works, 10.252-3. A distinction is made there between the Western Romanesque of the Lombards, with Pisa as its most perfect type, and the Eastern Romanesque of the Byzantine world, of which the most perfect type is St. Marks. From Easter and Western Romanesque there developed Eastern and Western Gothic, otherwise true Gothic, and Arabian Gothic. Arabian Gothic is called Gothic only because it retains many Gothic forms; ‘its spirit remains Byzantine’.
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[Version 0.05: May 2008]