(i) there are five kinds of phrases in English [noun phrase (NP), verb
phrase (VP), adjective phrase (AdjP), adverb phrase (AdvP) and prepositional
phrase (PP)], and
(ii) that these five kinds of phrases can be combined together to make
simple sentences or clauses by filling up the SPOCA [Subject, Predicator,
Object, Complement, Adverbial] slots in those sentences or clauses.