Categorical perception

A perceptual phenomenon by whichvarious instances of stimuli equally distant from each other in their physicalproperties are mapped to different perceptual categories (i.e., /b/ and /p/).  Thus, it means that a change insome variable along a continuum not perceived as gradual but as an instance of a discrete categorie.  Some stimuli are perceived as belonging to the same category, while a sharp boundarybetween a few stimuli is perceived.  In the context of speech, categoricalperception enables people to recognize words even when vowels may bepronounced differently.  Moreover, it is influenced by the linguistic environment.  Using a number of standardized procedures to test speech perception in infants (e.g., conditioned head turning response), an important research enterprise is how it facilitates word acquisition   There is also a body of infant research focused on other modalities than speech (e.g., perception of facial expressions , and it may in fact involve cross-modal perception.        

See Configural processing, Cross-modal perception, Face processing, Speech development