The ability to perceive the distance of objects from the viewer’s perspective and the three-dimensional nature of objects and space through monocular and binocular cues projected as two-dimensional on the retina. The binocular cues are ocular convergence (the degree of convergence between the eyes in fixating an object) and stereopsis, while the monocular cues include accommodation, aerial perspective (hazy outlines and surfaces suggest greater distance) chiaroscuro (the spread of areas and light in an image), elevation in the visual field (height of an object relative to the rest of the visual field), interposition (the position of one object relative to another), linear perspective (an object of fixed size subtends a smaller visual angle when far away than when relatively close), motion parallax, relative size (objects with larger angular size perceived to closer than those relatively smaller angular sizes), and texture gradient (an abrupt change in grain of surface is a cue for perceiving a contour, and a gradual change for perspective).
See Binocular disparity, Eye movements, Kinetic depth perception, Motion parallax, Perceptual development, Pictorial depth cues, Relative distance, Stereoscopic depth perception, Visual accommodation