Doublets (or geminates)

Repeated letters, as in ‘hopping’ and ‘hoop’.  In some scripts, doublets have an important and consistent function, in others none at all.  In Finnish, for example, doublets signify long phonemes (both vowels and consonants), whereas in French doublet consonants, though plentiful, have no relation to phonology at all.

See Phoneme, Phonology