The ability to adjust effectively in the face of adverse life circumstances. According to findings from the Kauai study, started in 1954 and directed by Emmy E. Werner, the environment of children classified as resilient contains the following properties: four or less children in the family, birth spacing of more than two years between siblings, strong bond with the primary caregiver but access to other caregivers such as grandparents, and younger mother for males and older father for females. By adolescence, resilient individuals have acquired a multi-age network of family and friends, as well as having androgynous interests, a positive self-concept and good coping skills.
See Coping, Protective factor, Risk factors, Self-concept, Vulnerability