A response to glucose, usually administered orally, that is used in the clinical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus or type 2 diabetes (also referred to as gestational diabetes) involving high blood glucose during pregnancy and evaluated between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. The test, which measures the body’s ability to metabolize glucose, may also be …
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Glottal
k See Bilabial, Clicks, Consonants, Fricative, Fussing, Hiccups, Implosives, Labio-dental, Larynx, Lateral sound, Lingua-dental (or dental), Lingua-alveolar (or alveolar), Liquid, Plosive, Rhotic sound
Globalization
The term is usually referred to the highly uneven but increasing interconnection of the different parts of the world due to increases in information technology, new laws regulating the movement of capital, and new forms of media that has taken place since the 1990s. See Literacy
Glioblasts
During the two-phase process of proliferation, neuroblasts and glioblasts are created in the future site of the ventricular system, with glioblasts going on to form the basic support structures in the mature brain. They emerge during the second phase that occurs from about 2 to 4 months of gestation in the human, but which undergo …
Glial cells
First discovered by Santiago Ramon y Cajal (1832-1934) in 1891, they are cell types in the central nervous system (astroglial cells and oligoglial cells) connected to neural cells and, in contrast to these cells, having no role in information transport over long distances (i.e., in the conduction of nerve impulses). Moreover, unlike neurons, they are capable of …
Gestational age
One of the first attempts to assess the gestational age at term in the human was made by Franz Naegele (1778-1851) in 1812. He held that pregnancy lasted ten lunar months from the last menstrual period. Known as Naegele’s rule, and not based on empirical data, pregnancy duration is 288 days (or 40 weeks) from …
Glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNtF)
A natural body chemical produced by the brain and referred to as a nerve cell growth factor, which has been shown in animal trials to stimulate the growth of many types of neurons. With regard to dopamine neurons, it appears to coax dying ones back into production, and thus has come to the forefront as …
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Gestalt good form
The Gestalt psychologists proposed a set of principles through which perceptual systems organise the input they receive so as to perceive objects as bounded units. Good form involves the tendency to perceive a complete regular form from fragmented perceptual input. The origin of the concept can be traced back to Christian von Ehrenfels (1859-1932) with …
Germinal (or germ) layers
The three primary germinal cell layers formed during gastrulation that line the central cavity of the gastrula, and which are partially determined in their developmental potential. Ectoderm, the outermost layer, gives rise to the nervous system and outer integument. Mesoderm, the middle layer, produces muscles, connective tissues, and the urogenital system. Entoderm, the innermost layer, …
Gesell’s Developmental Schedules (or Scales)
A standardized procedure for observing and evaluating a child‚was developmental status at 10 ages from 1 month to 5 years. Evaluations are carried out in five, rather arbitrarily designated, domains or sub-tests labeled: gross motor, fine-motor, language, personal-social and adaptive. Gesell cautioned against deriving a composite score or developmental quotient (DQ) and argued instead that DQs for …
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