Category Archives: Uncategorized

A chromosomal disorder with 45 chromosomes (often with non-disjunction), including only a single X chromosome in some or all cells of a female.  Girls with the syndrome usually have short stature, webbing of the skin of the neck, absent or retarded development of secondary sexual characteristics at puberty, absence of menstruation, narrowing of the aorta, …

Continue reading “Turner’s syndrome”

See Growth cone

A word or an expression used figuratively of what is considered to be the literal or normal form, object or event. There are four different classes of tropes: metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, and irony, with analogy and simile being sub-classes of metaphor and synecdoche of metonymy.  See Analogy, Metaphor, Metonymy, Synecdoche

A hypothetical variable defined as the part of an observed item indicating the measurement of an attribute of interest. The true score is traditionally assumed to be uncorrelated with the error score and is the reason why several different observed items are correlated.  See Error score, Measurement error, Residuals

The most prevalent form of Down’s syndrome in which each cell contains an extra 21st chromosome in an otherwise diploid cell, often by non-disjunction (a chromosomal mutation resulting in cells having too many or one too few chromosomes). See Chromosome, Diploid, Diploid, Down’s syndrome, Mosaicism

A view put forward by Robert J. Sternberg that there are three different aspects of intelligence: analytical intelligence, creative intelligence, and practical intelligence. See Intelligence, Theory of multiple intelligences

An organism learns through producing a series of approximations and receiving feedback from the environment as to which approximations are more effective.  The organism is not guided by an internal theory or concept, but may at first emit behaviours at random.  Some behaviors are reinforced by the environment, and thus they are emitted more often, …

Continue reading “Trial-and-error learning”

A change in level of behavior following a pattern that is described by, for example, polynomials of first order (linear trend), second order (quadratic trend), third order (cubic trend), or higher order.  See Developmental function, Developmental trajectories, Polynomial

A system of writing in which the relationships between letters and sounds are largely consistent for reading (but usually less so for spelling), and the language contains exception words (e.g., in Finnish and Italian) . See Exception words

The process by which a protein molecule is synthesised from amino acids in accordance with the template of the messenger RNA (mRNA) . See DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), Ribosmes, RNA (ribonucleic acid)