Author Archives: Brian Hopkins

The number of sub-group persons to be included in a given study divided by the number of sub-group persons in the population from which the study sample is drawn.  Also used to describe the proportions of the study population of various sub-groups in comparison to the proportions of the target population.  See Oversampling

Saccades are ballistic eye movementsthat typically occur 3 to 4 times every second and are used to switch betweenfixation points. During the occurrence of a saccadic eye movement, visualprocessing is selectively blocked (saccadic suppression, saccadic masking).This results in the effect that the motion of the eye or the gap between twofixations are not noticed. An …

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An established standard, guideline, or regulation that serves to codify and specify a particular set of relationships. In this regard, it is not unlike a concept.  However, it is different from a law (of nature) in that it is artificially created to achieve some desired aim or goal.  See Concept, Display rules, Law, Laws of …

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When humans increase the speed of their walking pattern, a point is reached in which the double support period disappears and a flight phase (when no surface contact is made) occurs.  Running is a pattern of alternating limb action in which each limb propels the body forward into the air and then returns to the …

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Projects from the motor cortex to the red nucleus in the midbrain, and runs along side the corticospinal tract in the lateral part of the spinal cord  See Corticobulbar tract (CBT), Corticopspinal tract (CST), Extrapyramidal system, Red nucleus

From the Latin word for a beak, it means at the front of the longitudinal axis of the body or organ, or in bipeds to the top or head.  Used as a directional term in anatomy and physiology.  See Anencepahly, Caudal, Dorsal, Neurulation, Ventral

Oneof the most well-known multisensory illusions.  In this illusion, a participant views a fakehand whilst their real hand is out of sight.  When the real and fake hands are strokedsynchronously, adult participants experience the fake hand as belonging tothemselves, and their judgments concerning the location of their real hand arebiased towards the fake hand.  It turnsout that …

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present in normal full term newborns (e.g., to locate the  nipple) and characterised by head-turning, followed by sucking movements, toward the side of the mouth or cheek (i.e., perioral region) touched . See Suckling

The sulcus that separates the pre central and post central  gyri, first described by Luigi Rolando (1773-1831) in 1825. Named the Rolandic sulcus in 1839 by Francois Leuret (1797-1851) in honour of Rolando.

Order of mammals that includes rats, mice, and similar organisms.