Author Archives: Brian Hopkins

See Myelin, Neural crest, Nodes of Ranvier, Olgiodendrocytes, Optic nerve, Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Somite-derived primordial from which bone and cartilage arise . See Dermomyotome, Somites

most narrowly defined as the instruction or training given at school.  More broadly, however, the experience of schooling includes exposure to the dominant values, assumptions and knowledge types associated with the institution of the school.  See Education, Literacy, Information technology, National Literacy Strategy

A commonly used set of verbal, mathematical, and analytical problems designed in the US to compare performance of high school students in order to determine college entry . See Crystallized intelligence,  Delayed gratification

In Piaget‘s theory, a sensorimotor structure (e.g., a grasping scheme) that serves as an internal model for performing a particular movement such as looking, grasping and touching in similar circumstances.  Not the same as a schema.  See Accommodation, Assimilation, Cognitive structures, Décalage, Equilibration, Schema, Reciprocal assimilation

c summary of the multitrait-multimethod matrix See Convergent validity, Discriminant validity, Internal consistency, Reliability, Trait, Validity

In sociocultural and neo-Piagetian skill theories of development, the ways in which adults assist and support children in their attempts to perform complex tasks.  Scaffolding occurs when adults or more accomplished peers perform part of a task for a child, direct or otherwise structure a child’s actions in order to support task performance.  See Language …

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A type of perceptual mechanism that can be said to recognise particular objects. Also refers to a mental representation of some feature of experience or the interpretation of new knowledge in terms of existing knowledge, following the meaning given by Frederic C. Bartlett (1866-1969) in his book Remembering A study in experimental and social psychology …

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Endoplasmic reticulum of striated muscle specialised for the sequestration of calcium ions that are released upon receipt of a signal relayed by the T tubules from the neuromuscular junction (an area of membrane between a motoneuron and the muscle cell membrane forming a synapse between them) . See Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Motoneuron, Striated muscle, Synapse

The repeating pattern of contractile, cytoskeletal proteins present in striated muscle providing the characteristic banding pattern.  It is the basic contractile element of the muscle fiber.  See Actin, Actomyosin, Myofibrils and myofilament, Muscle fiber, Proteins, Striated muscle