This glossary represents an extended version of that published in The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Child Development (1st Edition) in 2005. Information contained in many terms to be found in the encyclopedia has been expanded. In addition, new terms have been added that were mentioned in the encyclopedia’s published glossary, but which were not defined, and cross-references made among terms. The large number of terms reflects the great diversity of topics that are germane to the study of child development from a multidisciplinary perspective. At this stage, it should be considered as a work in progress.
If you have comments or criticisms of terms in this extended glossary, please contact the editor, Brian Hopkins (j.b.hopkins@lancaster.ac.uk). Corrections and additions to any of the terms are welcome, and if accepted they will be incorporated and acknowledged as coming from you.
The electronic version of the glossary, and plans for its future development, is the result of a collaborative project between Brian Hopkins and Simon Slavin.
CONTENTS
A
- A-not-B task/error
- Ability
- Abruptio placentae
- Absolute distance
- Abstract reasoning
- Abstractions
- Acceleration
- Accommodation
- Accreditation Criteria for Interdisciplinary Studies in General Education
- Acetic acid
- Acetylcholine (AcH)
- Acetylcholinesterase (AcHE)
- Acidosis
- Acrosome
- Actin
- Action
- Action potential
- Action sequences
- Action syntax
- Action theory
- Action unit
- Action words
- Activation (in a connectionist model)
- Active intermodal matching (AIM)
- Active sleep
- Activity-dependent organization
- Actomyosin
- Adaptation
- Addison’s disease
- Additive genetic effect
- Additive model
- Adenine
- Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
- Adhesion molecules
- Adolescent egocentrism
- Adolescent growth spurt
- Adolescent voice change
- Adrenal cortex
- Adrenal glands
- Adrenal medulla
- Adult Attachment Interview (AAI)
- Aerobic respiration
- Affixes
- Affordance
- Age-crime curve
- Agentic processes
- Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ)
- Aggressive behavior
- Agnosia
- Agonist muscle
- Akaike’s information criterion (AIC)
- Akinesia
- Alcohol tolerance
- Alert wakefulness
- Allele
- Allocentric search
- Allometry
- Alpha (α) motoneuron
- Alphabet
- Alphabetic writing systems
- Altricial
- Alveoli
- Alzheimer’s disease
- Ambidexterity
- American Sign Language (ASL)
- Amino acids
- Amniocentesis
- Amnion (or amniotic sac)
- Amniotic fluid
- Amodal
- Amygdala
- Analogical reasoning
- Analogy (as a trope)
- Analogy (biology)
- Analysis of variance (ANOVA)
- Anaphase
- Androgen
- Anemia
- Anencephaly
- Anerobic respiration
- Angelman’s syndrome
- Anhedonia
- Animistic thinking
- Anlage
- Anoxia
- Antagonist muscle
- Antecedent-consequent relationships
- Antenatal
- Anterior cingulate gyrus
- Anterior commissure
- Anterior fontanelle
- Anthropological veto
- Anthropology
- Aortic hypoplasia
- Apgar score
- Aphasia
- Apical ectodermal ridge (AER)
- Apnea
- Aponeuroses
- Apoptosis (or cell death)
- Appearance-reality distinction
- Appendicular muscles
- Application (education)
- Apraxia
- Arbitrary cross-modal relations
- Archenteron
- Arcuate nucleus
- Arguments (grammar)
- Arousal
- Articulation
- Articulatory quadrilateral
- Artificial intelligence (AI)
- Ascending genital tract infection
- Aspartate acid (or aspartic acid)
- Asperger’s syndrome
- Asphyxial death
- Assimilation
- Astrocyte
- Asymmetrical tonic neck posture or response (ATNR)
- Asymptote
- At-risk concept
- Ataxia
- Athetoid (or athetotiform) movements
- Attachment
- Attachment theory
- Attention
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
- Attentional flexibility
- Attractions
- Attractor
- Attributable fraction
- Attributional style
- Attrition
- Auditory (or acoustic) nerve
- Auditory rote memory
- Autism
- Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS)
- Auto-encoder networks
- Auto-regressive models
- Autobiographical memory
- Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
- Autoregressive series/model
- Autosomal dominant condition/disease
- Avoidance learning
- Axial muscles
- Axillary hair
- Axon
- Axon collateral
- Axon hillock
- Axon pathway selection
- Axon retraction (or pruning)
B
- Babbling
- Babbling drift
- Babinski response
- Back-translation
- Backpropagation
- Balance scale task
- Balanced (or orthogonal) design
- Baldwin effect
- Basal ganglia (anatomy)
- Basal ganglia (development)
- Basal ganglia (disorders)
- Basal ganglia (functions)
- Basket cells
- Bayes’ rule
- Bayesian learning
- Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development
- Behavior genetics
- Behavior mechanism
- Behavior modification
- Behavior problems
- Behavior system
- Behavior variable
- Behavioral embryology
- Behavioral phenotype syndromes
- Behavioral state
- Behavioral state concept
- Behaviorism
- Beneficence
- Bi-directional relationships
- Bi-directionality
- Bias (cultural)
- Bifurcation
- Bilabial
- Bilinguals
- Bimanual task
- Binocular disparity
- Binocular rivalry
- Binocular vision
- Bio-X project
- Biochemistry
- Biogenetic processes
- Bioinformatics
- Biological evolution
- Biological knowledge
- Biological motion
- Biological risk factor
- Biology
- Biomechanical degrees of freedom
- Biomechanics
- Biophysics
- Birth asphyxia
- Birth prevalence
- Blastomere
- Blastopore
- Blastula
- Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent Contrast (BOLD signal)
- Bock’s profile analysis
- Body awareness
- Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs)
- Boss (or bride of sevenless)
- Botulinus (or botulinum or botox)
- Bourbaki
- Boutons
- Brachial plexus
- Brain (neuro-) imaging
- Brain (or encephalon)
- Brain damage studies
- Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
- Brain sparing
- Brain stem
- Bridge law (or principle)
- Bridging
- British sign language (BSL)
- Bronchi
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
- Bullying
- Burst designs
C
- Cadherins
- Caenorhabditis (C.) elegans (or nematode)
- Cajal-Retzius cells
- Calcarine sulcus (or fissure)
- Canalization
- Canon of parsimony
- Carbohydrates
- Carboxyhemoglobin (CoHb)
- Carcinogen
- Cardiac muscle
- Cardiovascular accidents (CVAs)
- Caregiver Interaction Scale (CIS)
- Case-comparison design
- Catastrophe theory
- CATCH 22 syndrome (22q11 deletion)
- Catching
- Catecholamines
- Categorical perception
- Category learning
- Caudal
- Causal determinism (or causalism)
- Causal pathway
- Causality (as a psychological phenomenon)
- Causality (in philosophy)
- Cause (or causal factor)
- Cell
- Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)
- Cell assemblies
- Cell death
- Cell locomotion
- Cell migration
- Cell recognition molecules
- Cell theory
- Center of gravity
- Center of mass
- Central coherence
- Central dogma of molecular biology
- Central nervous system (CNS)
- Central pattern generator (CPG)
- Centrifugal /centripetal
- Centromere
- Cerebellar cortex
- Cerebellum (anatomy)
- Cerebellum (development)
- Cerebellum (disorders)
- Cerebellum (functions)
- Cerebellum and basal ganglia
- Cerebral (or intracerebral) hemorrhage
- Cerebral cortex (development)
- Cerebral cortex (disorders)
- Cerebral cortex (functions)
- Cerebral cortex (or pallium)
- Cerebral palsy
- Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
- Chaos
- Chaos theory
- Character
- Chiari II malformation
- Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)
- Child Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ)
- Child death
- Child development
- Child psychology
- Child-Adult Medical Procedure Interaction Scale (CAMPIS-SF)
- Childhood amnesia
- Cholesterol
- Cholinergic neurotransmitter system
- Chondrification
- Chordin
- Choreiform movements
- Chorion
- Chorionic villus sampling
- Chromatid
- Chromatin
- Chromophores
- Chromosome
- Chronological or postnatal age
- Cilia
- Cingulate gyrus
- Circular (or non-linear) causality
- Clades
- Cladistics
- Cladogram
- Classical conditioning
- Classical thermodynamics
- Cleavage
- Clicks
- Climbing fibers
- Clinical neuropsychology
- Clonus
- Closed system
- Closed-class words
- Closed-ended interviewing
- Closed-loop and open-loop control
- Cluster reduction
- Co-evolution
- Co-factor
- Co-morbidity
- Co-occurrence learning
- Co-regulation
- Co-rumination
- Co-sleeping
- Co-twin method
- Coccal infections
- Cochlea
- Cochlear implant
- Cochlear nucleus
- Coding scheme
- Cognition
- Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)
- Cognitive development
- Cognitive functionalist approach
- Cognitive immaturity hypothesis
- Cognitive neuroscience
- Cognitive psychology
- Cognitive science
- Cognitive structures
- Cohen’s kappa coefficient
- Cohort
- Cohort effect
- Colic
- Collagen
- Collective agency
- Command paper (education)
- Common coding
- Communication
- Community (ecology)
- Community survey
- Comparative method
- Competence (embryology)
- Competence (linguistics)
- Competence (psychology)
- Competitive exclusion model
- Complex system
- Complexity
- Composite (or sum) scale
- Compound symmetry
- Computational models
- Concept
- Conditional knockouts
- Conduct disorder
- Cones and rods
- Configural perception
- Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)
- Confound
- Confounding variable
- Congenital abnormalities
- Congenital anomalies
- Congenital malformations
- CONLERN
- Connectionism
- Connectionist models
- Conscience
- Consciousness
- Conservation
- Consonants
- CONSPEC
- Conspecific
- Constitution
- Constraint
- Construct
- Construct equivalence
- Construct validity
- Constructivism
- Contamination
- Content analysis
- Context (cultural)
- Context (interview)
- Contexts (of expression)
- Continuous performance task
- Contour
- Contrast sensitivity
- Control group
- Control parameter
- Controlled attention
- Conventional word
- Convergent evolution
- Convergent validity
- Conversation analysis
- Conversational context
- Conversations
- Cooing
- Coordination
- Coordinative structure
- Coping
- Copula
- Copying errors
- Cord prolapse
- Core concepts
- Corpus callosum
- Corrected age
- Correspondence problem
- Corsi block-tapping task
- Cortical area
- Cortical column
- Cortical inhibition hypothesis
- Cortical lobes
- Cortical plate
- Corticobulbar tract (CBT)
- Corticospinal tracts (CST)
- Corticosteroids
- Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
- Cortisol
- Count (or countable) noun
- Counter-suggestion
- Covariance
- Covert attention
- Cranial nerves
- Crawling
- Creatine
- Creativity
- Critical literacy
- Critical period
- Cronbach’s alpha
- Cross-cultural psychology
- Cross-lagged correlation/regression model
- Cross-modal coordination
- Cross-modal matching
- Cross-sectional design
- Crossed random effects
- Cruising
- Crying
- Crying peak
- Crystallized intelligence
- Cultural evolution
- Cultural evolution and biological evolution
- Cultural selection
- Culture
- Cumulative incidence (CI)
- Cushing’s disease
- Cybernetics
- Cytoarchitectonic independence
- Cytochrome c oxidase (CCO)
- Cytokines
- Cytoplasm
- Cytosine
- Cytoskeleton
D
- Dandy Walker malformation
- Darwinism
- Data-driven processes
- De Morsier-Kallmann syndrome
- Debriefing
- Décalage
- Declarative (or explicit) and procedural memory
- Decoding ability
- Deduction
- Deductive-nomological (D-N) model
- Deep and surface structure (linguistics)
- Deep cerebellar nuclei
- Degrees of freedom (or Bernstein’s) problem
- Dehoaxing
- Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
- Delay(ed) conditioning
- Delayed gratification
- Delivery position (or presentation)
- Delphi method
- Demand characteristics
- Dendrite
- Denervation
- Deoxyhemoglobin (dHB)
- Deoxyribose
- Dependent differentiation
- Dephosphorylation
- Depth perception
- Dermomyotome
- Description
- Descriptive explanations
- Desensitizing
- Design matrix
- Determination
- Determinism
- Development
- Developmental (or ontogenetic) time
- Developmental acceleration
- Developmental biology
- Developmental bootstrapping
- Developmental cognitive neuroscience
- Developmental coordination disorder (DCD)
- Developmental delay
- Developmental differentiation
- Developmental disorders
- Developmental dyspraxia
- Developmental emergence
- Developmental epistemology
- Developmental evolutionary biology
- Developmental function
- Developmental genetics
- Developmental gradients
- Developmental hypothesis
- Developmental integration
- Developmental neuropsychology
- Developmental outcomes
- Developmental plasticity
- Developmental psychobiology
- Developmental psychology
- Developmental readiness
- Developmental research
- Developmental risks
- Developmental screening
- Developmental trajectories
- Developmental velocity
- Deviance statistic
- Dewar
- Diachronic biology
- Diachronic emergence
- Diagnosis (or diacrisis)
- Diagraph
- Diaphysis
- Diarthrodial joints
- Diencephalon
- Differential equation
- Differential parenting
- Differentiation (embryology)
- Differentiation (general)
- Differentiation (specific)
- Differentiation hypothesis
- Diffusion anisotropy
- Diffusion tensor imaging
- Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging
- Digitigrade locomotion
- Digraphs
- Diploid
- Direct (monogenesis) and indirect (metagenesis and metamorphosis) development
- Direct corticomotoneuronal connections (or tracts)
- Direct realist account
- Disability
- Disadvantaged children
- Discipline
- Discourse analysis
- Discriminant validity
- Discrimination
- Disorder
- Displacement activities
- Display rules
- Dissipative system
- Distributed representation
- Divided attention
- Dizygotic twins
- DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
- DNA double helix
- Domain (interactive)
- Domain (non-interactive)
- Domain (theory of mind)
- Domain specificity
- Dopamine
- Dorsal
- Dorsal commissural interneurons
- Dorsal horn
- Dorsal plate in limb bud
- Dorsal rhizotomy
- Dorsal root ganglia (DRG)
- Dorsal roots
- Dorsal visual pathway (or stream)
- Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)
- Double dissociation
- Double object nouns
- Doublets (or geminates)
- Down’s syndrome
- Downward causation (or macrocausation)
- Dual x-ray energy absorptiometry (DEXA)
- Dualism
- Dubowitz scale
- Ductus Botalli (or ductus arteriosus)
- Dustbathing
- Dynamic field theory
- Dynamic systems theory (development and evolution)
- Dynamical balance
- Dynamical coupling
- Dynamical parameters
- Dynamical system
- Dynamical systems approaches
- Dynamics
- Dysgraphia
- Dyskinesia
- Dyslexia
- Dysmorphology
- Dysphoria
- Dysplasia
- Dystonia
E
- Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale (ECERS)
- Early Childhood Longitudinal Studies (ECLS)
- Echolalia
- Ecological fallacy
- Ecological psychology
- Ecological systems theory
- Ecological validity
- Ecology
- Ecosystem
- Ectoderm
- Education
- Edward’s syndrome
- EEG stage 1 sleep
- EEG stage 2 sleep
- EEG stage 3 sleep
- EEG stage 4 sleep
- Effect size
- Efference copy (or corollary discharge)
- Efficacy
- Egg-tooth (or carbuncle)
- Ego
- Elastin (gene)
- Electrochemistry
- Electroencephalogram (EEG)
- Electrolyte
- Electromagnetic fields
- Electromyography (EMG)
- Electron transport chain (or respiratory chain)
- Embarrassment
- Embedded Figures test (EFT)
- Embodied cognition
- Embodiment
- Embryo
- Embryogenesis
- Embryology
- Emergence
- Emic-etic distinction
- Emotion
- Emotional awareness
- Emotional competence
- Emotional development
- Emotional regulation
- Empathizing/empathy
- Empathy
- Emphysema
- Empowerment (education)
- Emulation
- Encephalitis
- Encoding
- Encoding specificity
- Enculturation
- Endemic cretinism
- Endochondral ossification
- Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
- Endorphins
- Endothelium
- Energy
- Entoderm (or endoderm)
- Entorhinal cortex
- Entropy
- Environment
- Environment of evolutionary adaptedness
- Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)
- Enzyme
- Ependymal cell
- Epidemiological studies
- Epidemiology
- Epigenesis
- Epigenetic emergence
- Epigenetic landscape
- Epigenetics
- Epiglottis
- Epilepsy
- Epimere
- Epinephrine (or adrenaline)
- Epiphysis
- Episodic event and semantic memory
- Epistatic/epistasis
- Epithalamus
- Epithelium
- Equifinality
- Equilibration
- Equilibrium
- Equipotentiality
- Equivalence (of data across cultures)
- Ergodic
- Error score
- Error term
- Error variance
- Escape learning
- Essentialism
- Established risk
- Estradiol
- Estrogen
- Ethnography
- Ethology
- Etiology
- Eugenics
- Eukaryote cell (or organism)
- Event-related (brain) potentials (ERPs)
- Evoked activity (or responses)
- Evolution
- Evolutionary biology
- Evolutionary developmental biology
- Evolutionary emergence
- Evolutionary niche theory
- Evolutionary psychology
- Exception words
- Executive attention
- Executive function (EF)
- Experience
- Experience-dependent processes
- Experience-expectant processes
- Experimental embryology
- Experimental method
- Expert opinion
- Explanans and explanandum
- Explanation
- Explicit (or declarative) and implicit (or non-declarative) memory
- Exploration
- Exploratory factor analysis (EFA)
- Exponential
- Exponential change
- Exposure
- Exposure learning
- External validity
- Externalism (education)
- Externalizing disorders/problems
- Exteroceptive pain reflexes
- Extracellular matrix
- Extrafusal muscle fibers
- Extrapyramidal system
- Extraversion
- Extrinsic
- Eye movements
- Eye-blink conditioning
- Eyewitness testimony
F
- Face processing
- Face recognition
- Facial expressions
- Factor analysis
- Factor loadings
- Failure to thrive
- Fallopian tubes
- False belief test
- False negative
- False positive
- Fantasy play
- Fasciculation
- Fatty acid
- Feedback
- Feedforward
- Fertilization (or syngamy)
- Fetal akinesia deformation sequence (FADS)
- Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
- Fetal breathing movements
- Fetal death
- Fetal programming
- Fetus
- Fibrillation
- Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)
- Fibroblasts
- Fighting
- Filial imprinting
- Filopodia
- Final common pathway
- Final consonant devoicing
- Fine motor abilities
- Finger-tapping task
- First law of thermodynamics
- FISH analysis
- Fisher’s theory of evolutionary mimicry
- Five factor model
- Fixed action pattern (FAP)
- Fixed effects
- Fixed, free and equal parameters
- Flagella
- Fluid intelligence
- Fluid mechanics
- Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)
- Flynn effect
- FM system
- Focus groups
- Focused attention
- Folk wisdom
- Follow-back design
- For most statistical analyses, estimates of the linear relationships between variables are adequate to describe the observed data, and for making reasonable predictions for new observations. See Analysis of variance (ANOVA)
- Force
- Forensic psychologist
- Form
- Form perception
- Form-meaning mapping
- Formal operations
- Forward genetics
- Foundational knowledge
- Founder effect (or principle)
- Fovea
- Fractals
- Fragile X syndrome
- Frames, then content (FC) hypothesis
- Frequency
- Fricative
- Friendship
- Frontal cortex
- Frontal eye fields (FEF)
- Frontal lesions
- Frontal lobes
- Frontal quadrants
- Fructose intolerance
- Function
- Functional experience
- Functional imaging
- Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
- Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)
- Functional reaching
- Fundamental frequency (F₀)
- Fundamental movement patterns
- Furthermore, in such system, the output can be a change in state
- Fusiform gyrus
- Fussing
g
G
- Gait
- Galloping
- Game(s) theory
- Games
- Gametes
- Gamma (γ) motoneuron
- Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)
- Ganglia
- Gastrula
- Gastrulation
- Gender
- Gender identity
- Gender identity disorder (GID)
- Gene
- Gene flow
- Gene traps
- General movements
- General nominals
- General system theory (GST)
- General theory of biological classification
- Generalization
- Generalized linear model (GLM)
- Generalized sequential querier (GSEQ)
- Generative grammar approach
- Genetic (or DNA) recombination
- Genetic algorithms
- Genetic assimilation
- Genetic determinism
- Genetic drift (or random walk)
- Genome
- Genomics
- Genotype and phenotype
- Genre theory
- Geocentric perspective
- Geology
- Germ plasm
- Germinal (or germ) layers
- Gesell’s Developmental Schedules (or Scales)
- Gestalt good form
- Gestational age
- Glial cells
- Glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNtF)
- Glioblasts
- Globalization
- Glottal
- Glucocorticoids
- Glucose tolerance
- Glutumate (or glutamate)
- Glycine
- Glycogen
- Glycoproteins
- Go/no go test
- Golgi apparatus (body or complex or organ)
- Golgi tendon organ
- Golgi type II cells
- Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
- Goodness-of-fit (psychology)
- Goodness-of-fit (statistics)
- Gossip
- Graded signal
- Grammatical marking
- Grammatical metaphor
- Grammaticization (or grammaticalization)
- Granular layer
- Granule cells
- Grapheme
- Grapheme-phoneme correspondences
- Grasp response
- Gravitational field
- Gray matter
- Greenhouse-Geisser epsilon
- Grooming
- Gross motor abilities
- Group theory
- Growth
- Growth cone
- Growth factors
- Growth hormone (or somatotropin)
- Growth models
- Growth-mixture model
- Guanine
- Guidepost cells
- Guilt
- Gustation
- Guthrie test
- Gyrus
H
- Habitat (ecology)
- Habituation
- Haemophilus influenza type B (Hib)
- Hand preference
- Hand proficiency
- Handedness (bimanual versus unimanual)
- Handedness (general)
- Handicap
- Haploid
- Haploinsufficiency
- Haws
- Hawthorne effect
- Hazard ratio
- Hebbian learning
- Hebbian synapse
- Hedonism
- Hemoglobin
- Hensen’s node
- Her Majesty’s Inspectorate (HMI)
- Hereditary
- Heritability
- Hermeneutics (and phenomenology)
- Heterochrony
- Heterogeneity
- Heteronomy
- Heuristic
- Hiccups
- Hidden Markov model (HMM)
- Hierarchical data structure
- Hierarchical models of motor control
- Hierarchy
- Hippocampus
- Histology
- Histone
- Hixon symposium
- Hodology
- Holism
- Holoprosencephaly
- HOME inventory
- Homeodomain proteins and homeobox genes
- Homeorhesis
- Homology
- Homophones
- Homoscedasticity
- Homunculus
- Homunculus problem
- Hopping
- Hormones
- Hox genes
- Hubris
- Human Connectome Project (HCP)
- Human Genome Project (HGP)
- Huntington’s disease (or chorea)
- Hunyh-Feldt epsilon
- Hydramnios (or polyhydramnios)
- Hydraulics
- Hydrocephalus (or hydrocephaly)
- Hydrolysis
- Hyoid bone
- Hyperbilirubinemia
- Hyperemesis gravidarum
- Hyperextension
- Hypertonia
- Hypoglycemia
- Hypomere
- Hypomorphic nervous system
- Hypoplasia
- Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis
- Hypothalamus
- Hypothesis
- Hypothetico-deductive method
- Hypotonia
- Hypoxemia
- Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE)
- Hysteresis
I
- Iconic mapping
- Id
- IDEA
- Identity development
- Illusory contours
- Imitation
- Immediate-early genes
- Immunoglobins
- Impairment
- Implicate order
- Implication (education)
- Implosives
- Imprinting
- Impulsiveness
- Impulsivity
- Incidence
- Incipient speciation
- Inclusive fitness
- Independence
- Indices of efficacy
- Indifference
- Indirect aggression
- Individuation
- Induction (embryology)
- Induction (philosophy)
- Inertia
- Infancy/infant
- Infant death
- Infanticide
- Infantile amnesia
- Infantile grandiosity
- Infantile responses
- Infantile sexuality
- Inferences (reading)
- Inferior olive (or olivary) nucleus
- Inferior parietal lobe (IPL)
- Inferior temporal cortex (ITC)
- Influence efficacy
- Information
- Information technology
- Information-processing theories
- Informed consent
- Inhibitory control
- Innate (1)
- Innate (2)
- Innate (3)
- Innate modularity hypothesis
- Innate releasing mechanism (IRM)
- Innate versus acquired dichotomy
- Inorganic chemistry
- Insecure attachment
- Instability
- Instinct (1)
- Instinct (2)
- Instruction
- Integrins
- Intelligence
- Intensity
- Intentional stance
- Intentionality
- Inter-rater reliability
- Interaction
- Interactive specialization approach (or hypothesis)
- Intercostal muscles
- Interdependence
- Interdigital necrotic zone (INZ)
- Interdisciplinarity
- Interdiscipline
- Intermodal coordination
- Intermodal perception
- Internal capsule
- Internal consistency
- Internal speech
- Internal validity
- Internalism (education)
- Internalization
- Internalizing disorders/problems
- International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
- Interneurons
- Interphase
- Intersensory perceptual narrowing
- Intersensory redundancy hypothesis
- Interval recording
- Intervention study
- Intolerance for cow’s milk protein
- Intra-individual differences
- Intracortical pathways
- Intrafusal muscle fibers
- Intrapsychic conflicts
- Intrauterine growth restriction or retardation (IUGR)
- Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH)
- Intrinsic
- Intrinsic dynamics
- Introspective method
- Intuitive parenting
- Intuitive theory of something
- Invagination
- Iodine deficiency
- Iodine:
- Irregular words
- Irreversible thermodynamics
- Ischemia
- Isocortex
- Isometric contraction
- Isomorphism
- Isotonic contraction
- Iterative cycle of construction
J
K
- Kana scripts
- Kangaroo-care
- Karyotype
- Karyotyping
- Kindergarten
- Kinematics
- Kinesiology
- Kinesthesis
- Kinetic depth information
- Kinetic energy
- Kinetic occlusion
- Kinetics
- Krebs cycle (or tri-carboxylic acid, TCA, cycle)
L
- Labio-dental
- Lactic acid
- Lactose tolerance
- Lamarckism
- Lamillipodia
- Language development
- Larynx
- Latent factor/score/variable
- Latent growth model
- Latent trait
- Lateral bias
- Lateral geniculate nucleus (or body)
- Lateral sound
- Laterality
- Law
- Law-like statement
- Laws of nature
- Learned helplessness
- Learning
- Learning disability
- Leiter International Performance Scale
- Levelism
- Levels of analysis
- Levels of development
- Levels of organization
- Life course analysis
- Life sciences
- Ligands
- Likelihood function
- Likelihood ratio (LR)
- Limb bud
- Limbic cortices
- Limbic system
- Limkinase 1 gene
- Lineage
- Linear dynamical systems
- Linear growth model
- Lingua-alveolar (or alveolar)
- Lingua-dental (or dental)
- Lingua-palatal (or palatal)
- Lingua-velar (or velar)
- Linguistic anthropology
- Linguistics
- Lipids
- Liquid
- Lissencephaly
- Literacy
- Locomotion
- Locus coeruleus (or ceruleus)
- Logical positivism
- Logical reasoning
- Logistic growth function
- Logographic writing systems
- Longitudinal design
- Longitudinal studies
- Longitudinal-experimental studies
- Lumbosacral plexus
- Lumping (versus splitting)
- Lysosomes
M
- MacArthur-Bates Child Development Index (CDI)
- Macroevolution (or horizontal evolution) and microevolution (or vertical evolution)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- Magnetoencephalography (MEG)
- Major depressive disorder
- Mappings
- Marfan syndrome
- Masked threshold
- Mass
- Mastery
- Maternal responsiveness
- Matter
- Maturation
- Maturation versus learning debate
- Maturational gradients
- Maturational perspective/approach
- Mauchly test
- Maximal aerobic power
- Meaning
- Measurement efficacy
- Measurement error
- Measurement invariance
- Measurement theory
- Mechanism
- MECP2 gene
- Medial (pre-) frontal cortex
- Medulla oblongata
- Medulloblastoma
- Meiosis (or reduction division)
- Meme
- Memory
- Menarche
- Mendelian genetics
- Meninges
- Meningitis
- Mental image
- Mental modules
- Mental retardation
- Mesencephalic reticular activating system
- Mesencephalon
- Mesenchyme
- Mesoderm
- Meta-analysis
- Metabolism
- Metamorphosis (or indirect development)
- Metaphase
- Metaphor
- Metazoan
- Metencephalon
- Method
- Method bias
- Méthode clinique
- Methyl mercury
- Methylation
- Methylphenidate
- Metonymy
- Microgenetic method
- Microtubules
- Mid-growth spurt
- Mind reading
- Mind-blindness theory
- Mind-body problem
- Miniamata disease
- Minor neurological dysfunction (MND)
- Mirror neurons
- Missing at random (MAR)
- Mitochondria
- Mitosis
- Mixed-effects models
- Mobile conjugate reinforcement
- Model
- Model representation
- Model systems
- Moderate-discrepancy hypothesis
- Modern synthesis
- Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT)
- Modularity
- Molecular biology
- Molecular biophysics
- Molecular layer
- Molyneux’s question
- Moment of force
- Moment of inertia (I)
- Momentum
- Monism
- Monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflexes
- Monozygotic twins
- Montgomery’s areolar glands
- Moral development
- Moral judgments
- Moral philosophy
- Morality
- Moro response
- Morpheme
- Morphogenesis
- Morphogenetic field
- Morphological marking
- Morphology (linguistics)
- Morula
- Mosaicism
- Mossy fibers
- Motility
- Motion parallax
- Motion perception
- Motoneuron
- Motor ability
- Motor control
- Motor cortex
- Motor development
- Motor end plate
- Motor equivalence
- Motor inhibition
- Motor learning
- Motor milestone
- Motor noise
- Motor Performance Study (Michigan State University)
- Motor skill
- Motor unit
- Movement
- Movement (or motor) coordination
- Movement pattern
- MRI morphometry
- Mucins
- Mullen Scales of Early Learning
- Multilayered
- Multilevel modeling (MLM)
- Multiple cohort study
- Multisensory cue integration
- Multitrait-multimethod matrix
- Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA)
- Muscle fiber
- Muscle spindle
- Muscle tone (or power)
- Muscle wasting in the right arm, together with contractures in the fingers, as a consequence of denervation. See Action potential, Fasciculation, Fibrillation, Motor unit, Muscle tone (or power), Peripheral nervous system, Reflex, Synapse
- Musculoskeletal system
- Mutagens
- Mutant
- Mutation (biology)
- Mutation (speech)
- Mutual gaze
- Mutuality
- Myelin
- Myelination
- Myoblast
- Myofibrils and myofilaments
- Myoglobin
- Myosin
- Myotome
- Myotube
N
- N170
- Narcissism
- Narrative
- National Child Development Study (NCDS)
- National Curriculum (education UK)
- National Educational Longitudinal Surveys (NELS)
- National Institute for Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care (NICHD-SECC)
- National Literacy Strategy
- National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (AddHealth)
- National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY)
- National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY)
- Nativism
- Natural selection
- Nature-nurture debate
- Necessary and sufficient conditions
- Neo-Darwinism
- Neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive development
- Neocortex
- Neonatal death
- Neonatal synesthesia
- Nerve growth factor (NGF)
- Netrins
- Network theory
- Neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM)
- Neural crest
- Neural determinism
- Neural net
- Neural plate
- Neural tube
- Neurite
- Neuroblasts
- Neuroconstructivist networks
- Neurodevelopmental disorder
- Neurogenesis
- Neuroimaging studies
- Neurological ‘soft’ signs
- Neurology
- Neuromaturation
- Neuromaturational theories
- Neuromuscular junction
- Neuron
- Neuron doctrine
- Neuronal migration disorders
- Neurophysiology
- Neuropsychology
- Neuroscience
- Neuroticism
- Neurotransmitters
- Neurotrophic growth factor (NtGF)
- Neurotrophin-NT3
- Neurula
- Neurulation
- New York Longitudinal Study (NYLS)
- Newborn
- Newborn behavioral states
- Newborn encephalopathy
- Newborn imitation
- Newborn swimming
n
N
- Newton’s law of universal gravitation
- Newton’s laws of motion
- Newtonian (or classical) mechanics
- Niche (ecology)
- Nicotine
- Nissl substance
- Nodes of Ranvier
- Noggin
- Nominal group
- Non-Communicating Children’s Pain Checklist (NCCPC-R)
- Non-core concepts
- Non-dysjunction
- Non-linear associator
- Non-linear dynamical systems
- Non-linear dynamics
- Non-shared environmental influences
- Non-structural growth model
- Non-univocality principle
- Noradrenergic neurotransmitter system
- Norephinephrine (or noradrenaline)
- Normality
- Normative
- Normative facts
- Nosology
- Notch
- Notochord
- Novelty preference
- NREM sleep
- Nuclear family
- Nucleic acid
- Nucleoid
- Nucleotide
- Nucleus (of a cell)
- Number mathematics
- Numbers
- Numerical identity
- Nursery school
- Nystagmus
O
- Object identity
- Object permanence
- Object reversal test
- Object segregation
- Object unity
- Object-directed behaviors
- Obligation
- Observational learning
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
- Occipital cortex (or lobe)
- Occipital-temporal pathway
- Ockham’s (or Occam’s) razor
- Ocular dominance columns
- Oculomotor nucleus
- Odds ratio
- Oedipal complex
- Olfaction
- Oligodendrocytes
- Oligogenic mode of inheritance
- Oligohydramnios
- Oligosaccharides
- On-line emergence
- Ontogenetic adaptation
- Ontogenetic development
- Ontogenetic skills
- Ontogeny
- Ontology
- Oocytes
- Oogenia
- Open system
- Open-class words
- Operant (or instrumental) conditioning
- Operant conditioning
- Operant train task
- Operationalism
- Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)
- Optic nerve
- Optical imaging
- Optical tomography
- Optical topography
- Orbitofrontal cortex
- Order
- Order parameter
- Ordinal variables
- Organelles
- Organism
- Organism-environment mutualism
- Organization
- Organizer (embryology)
- Organogenesis
- Orthogenetic principle
- Orthogonality
- Orthographic reading skills
- Orthography
- Ossification
- Osteoclasts
- Other minds problem
- Otitis media with effusion (OME)
- Otoliths
- Overgeneralization
- Oversampling
- Overt attention
- Own-sex schema
- Oxyhemoglobin
- Oxytocin
P
- P400
- Palaeontology
- Palate
- Palmar grasp
- Pancreas
- Panel studies
- Paradigm
- Paradigm (mechanistic) ‚Üì Principles (e.g., newborn
- Paradigm shift
- Parallel fibers
- Parameter (linguistics)
- Parameter (statistics)
- Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)
- Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT)
- Parental styles
- Parenting
- Parietal cortex
- Parkinson’s disease
- Participant observation
- Passive sentences
- Path analysis
- Path diagram
- Pathogenesis (or pathogeny)
- Pathophysiology
- Pattern
- Pattern formation
- Pattern of variances and covariances
- Pedagogy
- Pediatrics
- Peer group
- Peers
- Peg-moving task
- Pelvis/pelvic girdle
- Peptides
- Perception
- Perception-action coupling
- Perceptual development
- Perceptual memory
- Performance (linguistics)
- Perinatal
- Perinatal focal damage
- Period effect
- Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
- Peristaltic
- Periventricular hemorrhagic infarction (PHI)
- Periventricular leucomalacia (PVL)
- Periventricular white matter
- Permissive interaction
- Persistent middle-ear effusion
- Person-centered approaches
- Person-specific variance
- Personal literacies
- Personality
- Pharyngeal arches
- Pharynx
- Phase
- Phase transition (or shift)
- Phenylketonuria (PKU)
- Phoneme
- Phonemic mastery
- Phonics
- Phonological awareness
- Phonological deficit hypothesis/model/theory
- Phonological dyslexia
- Phonological loop
- Phonological pathway
- Phonological process
- Phonological reading skills
- Phonological rule
- Phonology
- Phonotactics
- Phosphate
- Phospholipids
- Phosphorylation
- Phototaxis
- Phyletic
- Phyletic gradualism and punctuated equilibrium
- Phylogenetic (or geological) time
- Phylogenetic abilities/behaviors (as opposed to ontogenetic abilities)
- Phylogenetic mapping
- Phylogenetic skills
- Phylogeny
- Physical knowledge
- Pia mater
- Piaget’s stage theory
- Pictorial depth cues
- Pincer grasp (or grip)
- Pineal gland
- Pitch
- Pituitary gland
- Placenta
- Placenta previa
- Placode
- Planned comparison
- Plantigrade locomotion
- Plasticity (experiential)
- Plasticity (neural)
- Play
- Play fighting (or rough-and-tumble play)
- Play tutoring
- Pleasure-pain principle
- Pleonastic extensions
- Plexus
- Plial surface
- Plosive
- Point-light display
- Poisson distribution
- Polarizer
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- Polygenes
- Polygenic mode of inheritance
- Polygynous households
- Polymerization
- Polymorphism
- Polyneural to mononeural innervation
- Polynomial
- Polynomial analysis of variance
- Polypeptides
- Pons
- Population (biology and ecology)
- Population (statistics)
- Population genetics
- Population thinking
- Positive reinforcement
- Posterior distribution
- Postural control
- Posture
- Prader-Willi syndrome
- Pragmatics
- Pragmatism
- Praxis
- Pre-eclampsia
- Pre-reaching
- Precision
- Precocial
- Predetermined epigenesis
- Predicates (grammar)
- Prediction and explanation
- Preformationism
- Prefrontal cortex (PFC)
- Prefrontal-frontal-striatal loops
- Prehension
- Premotor cortex
- Preschool children
- Pretence
- Preterm birth
- Preterm infant
- Prevalence
- Preventive interventions
- Preyer-Tracy hypothesis of autogeneous motility
- Pride
- Primacy effect
- Primary motor cortex
- Primary sensory cortices
- Primary visual cortex (V1)
- Principle
- Principle of the integration and individuation of behavior
- Prion (proteinaceous infectious particle)
- Prior distribution
- Probabilistic epigenesis
- Problem solving
- Procedure
- Process
- Processing units
- Prodiction and retrodiction
- Progenitor cells
- Progesterone
- Prognosis
- Progress
- Progress zone
- Prokaryote cell (or organism)
- Prolactin
- Proliferative cells
- Proliferative ventricular zone
- Prone infant sleep position
- Proper noun
- Prophase
- Proprioception
- Prosencephalon
- Prosocial behavior
- Prosopagnosia
- Prospective cohort
- Prospective control (neurophysiology)
- Prospective control (psychology)
- Protective factor
- Protein tyrosine kinase
- Protein-folding problem
- Proteins
- Proton
- Protoplasm
- Proximal care
- Proximal processes
- Proximate mechanisms (or causes)
- Psoas muscle
- Psychic unity of mankind
- Psychoanalysis
- Psychodynamic theory
- Psycholinguistic guessing game
- Psycholinguistics
- Psychology
- Psychopathology
- Psychosocial stress
- Puberty
- Pulsatility index (PI)
- Pulvinar
- Pupil Evaluation Inventory
- Pupillometry
- Purines
- Purkinje cell layer
- Purkinje cells
- Pyrimidines
Q
- Qualitative research
- Quality of daycare
- Quantifier
- Quantitative and qualitative change
- Quantitative and qualitative regressions
- Quantitative genetic theory
- Quantitative research
- Quantum mechanics
r
R
- R7 and R8 photoreceptors
- Race-ethnicity
- Radial glial cells
- Radial palmar grasp
- Radian
- Radical behaviorism (or environmentalism)
- Random effects
- Raphe nuclei
- Ras
- Rate ratio
- Rating scale
- Raven’s Progressive Matrices (RPM)
- Reaching
- Reactivation
- Reading comprehension
- Reality principle
- Reasoning (genre theory)
- Reasoning (psychology)
- Recall
- Recall memory
- Recapitulation theory (or biogenetic law)
- Recency effect
- Receptive field
- Reciprocal assimilation
- Reciprocity
- Recognition memory
- Recombinant DNA (rDNA)
- Red nucleus
- Reductionism
- Reelin
- Reflective abstraction
- Reflective abstraction:
- Reflex
- Reflex arc
- Reflexive (vegetative) vocalizations
- Reflexivity
- Reflexology
- Register
- Regressive event
- Regular words
- Regulator (or regulatory) genes
- Reification
- Reinforcement schedule
- Reinforcer
- Reinstatement
r
R
- Relative distance
- Relativism (or cultural relativism)
- Relevance
- Relevant Organizations
- Reliability
- REM sleep
- Remodeling of vocal tract anatomy
- Repeated measures analysis of variance
- Replicability
- Representation (cultural)
- Representation (mental)
- Representational re-description
- Reproductive success
- Repulsions
- Residence patterns
- Resilience
- Respiratory acidosis
- Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
- Response inhibition tasks
- Responsiveness
- Resting-state fMRI
- Resultant
- Reticulospinal tract
- Retina
- Retinoic acid (RA)
- Retinopathy of prematurity
- Retrovirus
- Rett’s syndrome
- Reverse genetics
- Revised Class Play
- Rhombencephalon
- Rhombic lip
- Rhombocephalon
- Rhotic sound
- Rhythmical stereotypies
- Ribose
- Ribosomes
- Rights
- Rigidity
- Risk factors
- Risk mechanisms
- Risk-benefit ratios
- Ritalin
- RNA (ribonucleic acid)
- Rodent
- Rolandic fissure
- Rooting response
- Rostral
- Rubber hand illusion
- Rubrospinal tract
- Rule
- Running
S
- Saccade / antisaccade movements
- Sampling ratios
- Sarcomere
- Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
- Scaffolding
- Schema
- Schematic summary of the multitrait-multimethod matrix See Convergent validity, Discriminant validity, Internal consistency, Reliability, Trait, Validity
- Scheme
- Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT)
- Schooling
- Schwann cells
- Sclerotome
- Search errors in infancy
- Second law of thermodynamics
- Secondary sexual characteristics
- Secondary visual cortex (V2)
- Segment polarity
- Segmentation
- Select
- Selectins
- Selective (or elective) mutism
- Selective attention
- Selective placement
- Self
- Self-competence
- Self-concept
- Self-conscious emotions
- Self-differentiation
- Self-efficacy
- Self-esteem
- Self-gratification
- Self-organization
- Self-perception
- Self-recognition
- Self-regulation
- Self-report questionnaire for handedness
- Self-stimulation
- Semantic bootstrapping
- Semantic pathway
- Semantics
- Semaphorins
- Sensitive period
- Sensitivity (attachment theory)
- Sensitivity (epidemiology)
- Sensitivity (psychology)
- Sensitivity threshold
- Sensitivity to initial conditions
- Sensorimotor actions
- Sensorimotor realm
- Sensory, short-term (STM) and long-term memory (LTM)
- Sentential frames
- Sequential data interchange standard (SDIS)
- Serial homology (or homonomy)
- Serial ordering
- Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5HT)
- Sevenless
- Sex
- Sex category
- Sex chromosomes
- Sex ratio
- Sex roles
- Sex-typing
- Sexual imprinting
- Sexual orientation
- Sexually dimorphic
- Shaken baby syndrome
- Shame
- Shape constancy
- Shared environmental influences
- Shared neural representations
- Shared reference
- Shell
- SI unit
- Sibling conflict
- Sibling rivalry
- Siblings
- Sickle cell disease
- SIG: CECD
- Signs (linguistics)
- Signs and symptoms
- Simile
- Single unit recording studies
- Single-subject experimental design
- Six Cultures study
- Size constancy
- Skill (general)
- Skill (specific)
- Skill learning hypothesis/approach
- Skipping
- Sleep architecture
- Sleep-waking cycle
- Sleeper effect
- Slot-filler relations
- Smooth (or involuntary) muscle
- Sociability
- Social attachment
- Social constraints
- Social context
- Social convention
- Social development
- Social ecology
- Social fittedness
- Social identities
- Social knowledge
- Social learning theory
- Social network
- Social order
- Social psychology
- Social referencing
- Social relations model
- Social relationships
- Social reproduction
- Social risk factor
- Social rules
- Social Skills Improvement System (SSIS)
- Social stress
- Socialization
- Socialization practices
- Sociodramatic play
- Socioeconomic status (SES)
- Sociological survey research methods
- Sociology
- Sociometry
- Sodium ions
- Solipsism
- Soma (or somatic cells)
- Somatic nervous system (SNS)
- Somatosensory cortex
- Somites
- Space code principle
- Spastic diplegia
- Spastic hemiplegia
- Spastic quadriplegia
- Spasticity
- Spatial reasoning
- Special gift
- Speciation
- Species
- Specific language impairment (SLI)
- Specific nominals
- Specificity (epidemiology)
- Speech development
- Spermatogonia
- Spermatozoa
- Sphericity
- Sphericity assumption
- Spina bifida
- Spinal cord
- Spinal reflex
- Spindle
- Spontaneous motor activity
- Squamous cells
- SQUID
- Stability
- Stage
- Stage of cognitive development
- Startles
- State (or phase) space
- Stationarity
- Statistical learning
- Statistical mechanics
- Statistical power
- Steady state
- Stellate cells
- Stem cells
- Stepping response
- Stereoscopic depth perception
- Steroid hormones
- Steroids
- Stigmata
- Still-face paradigm
- Still-face procedure
- Stimulus enhancement
- Stimulus generalization
- Stimulus orienting
- Stimulus-driven development
- Stimulus-response compatibility
- Stochasticity
- Stopping
- Strange situation test
- Stress (or adrenal) hormones
- Stretches
- Striated (or striped or voluntary) muscle
- Stroop test
- Structural equation modeling (SEM)
- Structural genes
- Structural growth model
- Structural imaging
- Structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI)
- Structural proteins
- Structure
- Structure d’ensemble
- Structure-function relationships
- Stuttering
- Stylopharyngeus
- Sub-ependymal periventricular germinal matrix
- Sub-ventricular zone
- Subiculum
- Suckling
- Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS, cot or crib death)
- Sulcus
- Superego
- Superior colliculus
- Superior temporal polysensory (STS) area
- Superior temporal sulcus and gyrus
- Supernumerary connections
- Supervisory attentional system (SAS)
- Supine infant sleep position
- Supplementary motor area (SMA)
- Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
- Supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS)
- Surface dyslexia
- Surfactant
- Surgency
- Surrogate data methods
- Surrogate endpoint
- Survival analysis
- Sustained attention
- Syllabary
- Syllabic structure
- Syllable-final position
- Syllable-initial position
- Syllables
- Sylvian fissure
- Symbolic function
- Symbols
- Symmetry breaking (and preservation)
- Sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
- Sympathy
- Synapse
- Synapse elimination
- Synaptic cleft
- Synaptic stabilization
- Synaptogenesis
- Syndrome
- Synecdoche
- Synergetics
- Synergistic
- Synergy
- Synesthesia
- Syntactic bootstrapping
- Syntax
- System
- Systemic causality
- Systemic functional linguistics
- Systemizing
- Systemogenesis
- Systems approach
T
- T1 signal-weighted (T1-W) technique
- T2 signal-weighted (T2-W) technique
- Tabula rasa (or blank slate)
- Tanner stages
- Tardive dyskinesia
- Tattling
- Tautology
- Tay-Sachs disease
- TE cortex
- Teacher Beliefs Scale
- Teasing
- Technique
- Tectospinal tract
- Tegmentum
- Telencephalon
- Teleophase
- Temperament
- Temporal contiguity window
- Temporal lobe
- Temporal resolution
- Tendon reflex
- Teratogen
- Teratology
- Tesla
- Testimony
- Testosterone
- Thalamus
- Thalidomide
- The effects of thalidomide on particular body parts of the body. The effects are rather specific, suggesting that there are sensitive periods for the growth of each body part shown. Thalidomide taken between 34-38 days after conception can result in the absence of an outer ear, and the absence of one leg if taken between around 46 days. See Sensitive period, Teratogen
- The eight phases of gait cycle in upright bipedal locomotion for the stance phase (1-4) and swing phase (5-8) during which the right leg (red) starts by leading the left leg (blue). See Central pattern generator (CPG), Digitigrade locomotion, Galloping, Gross motor abilities, Hopping, Locomotion, Parkinson’s disease, Plantigrade locomotion, Skipping, Running, Walking
- The Kanizsa triangle in which illusory contours appear to form a triangle although there are no corresponding changes in luminance. Nevertheless, the illusory figure is seen as being brighter than the background.
- The Observer
- Theoretical co-evolution
- Theoretical pluralism
- Theory
- Theory of balanced polymorphisms
- Theory of descent with modification
- Theory of Everything (ToE)
- Theory of molecular evolution
- Theory of multiple intelligences
- Theory of natural selection
- Theory of neuronal group selection (TNGS)
- Theory of pictures
- Theory of population pressure
- Theory of sexual selection
- Theory of the child’s mind (ToM)
- Theory of the germ plasm
- Thermodynamics
- Thrombophilic disorders
- Thymine
- Tiers
- Timbre
- Time-adjacent observations
- Time-lag design
- Time-series
- Time-specific variance
- Timing
- Toddlers
- Topographical representation
- TORCH
- Torque
- Torres Straits expedition
- Tourette’s syndrome
- Tower test
- Trace conditioning
- Trail making test
- Trait
- Trajectory
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
- Transformational grammar approach
- Transforming growth factor (TGF)
- Transgene
- Transient dystonia
- Transition
- Translation (genetics)
- Translocation
- Transparent orthographies
- Trend
- Trial-and-error learning
- Triarchic theory of intelligence
- Trisomy 21
- Trope
- True score
- Tubulin
- Turing test
- Turner’s syndrome
- Two physical characteristics of Marfan syndrome
- Two visual systems hypothesis
- Tympanic membrane
- Type 1 error
- Type 1 muscle fibers
- Type 2 muscle fibers
- Typological thinking
- Tyrosine kinase receptor/pathway
U
- U-shaped learning
- Ultimate mechanisms (or causes)
- Umwelt
- Unc-40
- Unc-5
- Unc-6
- Undergeneralization
- Unimanual task
- Unit
- Universal
- Universalism
- Uracil
- Uric acid
- Utterances
V
- Vagus (or pneumogastric) nerve
- Validity
- Value difference
- Value-monism
- Value-pluralism
- Value-relativism
- Values
v
V
- Variable
- Variable-centered approaches
- Variance between
- Variance within
- Variance-covariance matrix
- Vasoconstriction
- Vector
- Vector field
- Velocity
- Velum
- Ventral
- Ventral horn
- Ventral plate in limb bud
- Ventral roots
- Ventral visual pathway (or stream)
- Ventricle
- Ventricular zone
- Ventrolateral thalamus
- Venule
- Vernacular (or community) literacies
- Vernix caseosa
- Vertex presentations
- Very (or extremely) preterm birth
- Vesicles
- Vestibular labyrinths
- Vestibular nuclei
- Vestibular system
- Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR)
- Vestibulospinal tract
- Violation of expectancy
- Violation of expectation technique
- Visual accommodation
- Visual acuity
- Visual cliff
- Visual cortex
- Visual-manual loop
- Visually reinforced preferential looking technique
- Vitalism
- Vitamin A (or retinol)
- Vocabulary
- Vocal cords
- Vocal folds
- Vocalic resonance
- Vowel-to-consonant ratio
- Vowels
- Voxel
- Vulnerability
W
- Wakefulness
- Walking
- War play
- Wavelength sensitivity
- Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children and Adults (WISC-III)
- Welfare
- Welfare-to-work studies
w
W
- White matter
- Whole is greater than the sum of its parts
- Whorfian hypothesis (or linguistic relativity)
- Williams syndrome
- Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST)
- Wolf
- Work
- Working memory