MATH319 Slides

118 Bounded exponentials of matrices

Lemma

Suppose that A has (not necessarily distinct) eigenvalues such that λj<0 for all j=1,,n. Then there exists M,δ>0 such that

exp(tA)Me-δt  (t0).

This follows from Corollary 40. The difference between λ0 in (iii) of the Proposition 111 and λ<0 in the Lemma 117 is subtle, and historically important in the theory. Maxwell realised that the stronger hypothesis of the Lemma, strict inequality, is needed to cover the case of multiple eigenvalues, and deal with resonance.