Home page for accesible maths 1 Probability (review)

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1.5 Key Definitions and Relationships

Let A,BΩ and {A1,,Am} form a partition of A.

  1. 1.

    The axioms of probability are positivity: 𝖯(A)0; finiteness: 𝖯(Ω)=1; and additivity: 𝖯(AB)=𝖯(A)+𝖯(B) if AB=0.

  2. 2.

    The partition law (extends additivity): 𝖯(i=1mAi)=i=1m𝖯(Ai).

  3. 3.

    The addition law: 𝖯(AB)=𝖯(A)+𝖯(B)-𝖯(AB).

  4. 4.

    A and B are independent events if and only if 𝖯(AB)=𝖯(A)𝖯(B).

  5. 5.

    The law of total probability is 𝖯(AB)=i=1m𝖯(AiB).

  6. 6.

    Conditional probability: 𝖯(A|B)=𝖯(AB)/𝖯(B).

  7. 7.

    Bayes Theorem: 𝖯(A|B)=𝖯(A)𝖯(B|A)/𝖯(B).