Home page for accesible maths 1 Probability (review)

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1.5 Key Definitions and Relationships

Let A,B⊆Ω and {A1,…,Am} form a partition of A.

  1. 1.

    The axioms of probability are positivity: 𝖯⁡(A)≥0; finiteness: 𝖯⁡(Ω)=1; and additivity: 𝖯⁡(A∪B)=𝖯⁡(A)+𝖯⁡(B) if A∩B=0.

  2. 2.

    The partition law (extends additivity): 𝖯⁡(∪i=1mAi)=∑i=1m𝖯⁡(Ai).

  3. 3.

    The addition law: 𝖯⁡(A∪B)=𝖯⁡(A)+𝖯⁡(B)-𝖯⁡(A∩B).

  4. 4.

    A and B are independent events if and only if 𝖯⁡(A∩B)=𝖯⁡(A)⁢𝖯⁡(B).

  5. 5.

    The law of total probability is 𝖯⁡(A∩B)=∑i=1m𝖯⁡(Ai∩B).

  6. 6.

    Conditional probability: 𝖯⁡(A|B)=𝖯⁡(A∩B)/𝖯⁡(B).

  7. 7.

    Bayes Theorem: 𝖯⁡(A|B)=𝖯⁡(A)⁢𝖯⁡(B|A)/𝖯⁡(B).