Home page for accesible maths Math 101 Chapter 5: Integration

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5.7 The fundamental theorem of calculus

For calculating areas, calculus provides an alternative approach which is often useful. The converse implication is due to Barrow.

Let ff be a continuous function so axf(t)dt\int_{a}^{x}f(t)\,dt is the area under the graph of ff between aa and xx. Then the function F(x)=axf(t)dt+cF(x)=\int_{a}^{x}f(t)\,dt+c with cc constant is called an indefinite integral of ff.

Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

Let F(x)F(x) be an indefinite integral of ff. Then FF has derivative F(x)=f(x).F^{\prime}(x)=f(x).

Conversely, if FF is any differentiable function such that F(x)=f(x)F^{\prime}(x)=f(x) is continuous for all xx, then

abf(t)dt=F(b)-F(a).\int_{a}^{b}f(t)\,dt=F(b)-F(a).