Home page for accesible maths Math 101 Chapter 4: Taylor series and complex numbers

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4.20 Systematic curve sketching

Example

To determine the nature of the stationary points of

f(x)=x2+x+1x+1  (x-1)f(x)={{x^{2}+x+1}\over{x+1}}\qquad(x\neq-1)

and sketch its graph.

Solution. The intercepts are at x=0,x=0, f(0)=1f(0)=1; the equation x2+x+1=0x^{2}+x+1=0 has no real solution so the graph does not intercept the xx axis.

We divide and obtain

f(x)=x+1x+1f(x)=x+{{1}\over{x+1}}

where 1/(x+1)01/(x+1)\rightarrow 0 as x±x\rightarrow\pm\infty; hence y=xy=x is an asymptote as x±x\rightarrow\pm\infty.

Consider xx near to -1-1; now f(x)f(x)\rightarrow\infty as x(-1)+x\rightarrow(-1)+;

f(x)-f(x)\rightarrow-\infty as x(-1)-x\rightarrow(-1)-; hence x=-1x=-1 is a vertical asymptote.